The first experiments in television broadcasting began in France in the 1930s, but the French were slow to employ the new technology. There were several reasons for this (A)[hesitancy/consistency]. Radio absorbed the majority of state resources, and the French government was reluctant to shoulder the financial burden of developing national networks for television broadcasting. Television programming costs were too high, and program output correspondingly low. Poor (B)[distribution/description] combined with minimal offerings provided little incentive to purchase the new product. Further, television sets were priced beyond the means of a general public whose modest living standards, especially in the 1930s and 1940s, did not allow the acquisition of luxury goods. Ideological influences also factored in; elites in particular were (C)[optimistic/skeptical] of television, perceiving it as a messenger of mass culture and Americanization.


① hesitancy……distribution…… optimistic 

② hesitancy……distribution…… skeptical 

③ hesitancy……description…… optimistic 

④ consistency……description…… optimistic 

⑤ consistency……distribution…… skeptical 


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