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2024.3.28 17:33:59
Giles 行軍第九. The Army on the March
The Art of War by Sun Tzu
Translated from the Chinese by Lionel Giles, M.A. (1910)
IX. 行軍篇
1.孫子曰凡處軍相敵絶山依谷
IX. The Army on the March.
1. Sun Tzu said: We come now to the question of encamping the army, and observing signs of the enemy. Pass quickly over mountains, and keep in the neighborhood of valleys.
2.視生處高戰隆無登此處山之軍也
3.絶水必遠水
4.客絶水而來勿迎之水內令半濟而擊之利
2. Camp in high places, facing the sun. Do not climb heights in order to fight. So much for mountain warfare.
3. After crossing a river, you should get far away from it.
4. When an invading force crosses a river in its onward march, do not advance to meet it in mid-stream. It will be best to let half the army get across, and then deliver your attack.
5.欲戰者無附於水而迎客
6.視生處高無迎水流此處水上之軍也
5. If you are anxious to fight, you should not go to meet the invader near a river which he has to cross.
6. Moor your craft higher up than the enemy, and facing the sun. Do not move up-stream to meet the enemy.
So much for river warfare.
7.絶斥澤惟亟去勿留
8.若交軍於斥澤之中必依水草而背衆樹此處斥澤之軍也
9.平陸處易右背高前死後生此處平陸之軍也
7. In crossing salt-marshes, your sole concern should be to get over them quickly, without any delay.
8. If forced to fight in a salt-marsh, you should have water and grass near you, and get your back to a clump of trees. So much for operations in salt-marshes.
9. In dry, level country, take up an easily accessible position with rising ground to your right and on your rear, so that the danger may be in front, and safety lie behind. So much for campaigning in flat country.
10.凡此四軍之利黃帝之所以勝四帝也
11.凡軍喜高而惡下貴陽而賤陰
12.養生而處實軍無百疾是謂必勝
10. These are the four useful branches of military knowledge which enabled the Yellow Emperor to vanquish four several sovereigns.
11. All armies prefer high ground to low and sunny places to dark.
12. If you are careful of your men, and camp on hard ground, the army will be free from disease of every kind, and this will spell victory.
13.邱陵隄防必處其陽而右背之此兵之利地之助也
14.上雨水沫至欲涉者待其定也
15.凡地有絶澗天井天牢天羅天陷天☆必亟去之勿近也
13. When you come to a hill or a bank, occupy the sunny side, with the slope on your right rear. Thus you will at once act for the benefit of your soldiers and utilize the natural advantages of the ground.
14. When, in consequence of heavy rains up-country, a river which you wish to ford is swollen and flecked with foam, you must wait until it subsides.
15. Country in which there are precipitous cliffs with torrents running between, deep natural hollows, confined places, tangled thickets, quagmires and crevasses, should be left with all possible speed and not approached.
16.吾遠之敵近之吾迎之敵背之
17.軍旁有險阻蔣潢井生葭葦小林蘙薈必謹覆索之此伏姦之所藏處也
16. While we keep away from such places, we should get the enemy to approach them; while we face them, we should let the enemy have them on his rear. 17. If in the neighbourhood of your camp there should be any hilly country, ponds surrounded by aquatic grass, hollow basins filled with reeds, or woods with thick undergrowth, they must be carefully routed out and searched; for these are places where men in ambush or insidious spies are likely to be lurking.
18.敵近而靜者恃其險也
18. When the enemy is close at hand and remains quiet, he is relying on the natural strength of his position.
19.遠而挑戰者欲人之進也
20.其所居者易利也
21.衆樹動者來也衆草多障者疑也
19. When he keeps aloof and tries to provoke a battle, he is anxious for the other side to advance.
20. If his place of encampment is easy of access, he is tendering a bait.
21. Movement amongst the trees of a forest shows that the enemy is advancing. The appearance of a number of screens in the midst of thick grass means that the enemy wants to make us suspicious.
22.鳥起者伏也獸駭者覆也
23.塵高而銳者車來也卑而廣者徒來也散而條達者樵採也少而往來者營軍也
22. The rising of birds in their flight is the sign of an ambuscade. Startled beasts indicate that a sudden attack is coming. 23. When there is dust rising in a high column, it is the sign of chariots advancing; when the dust is low, but spread over a wide area, it betokens the approach of infantry. When it branches out in different directions, it shows that parties have been sent to collect firewood. A few clouds of dust moving to and fro signify that the army is encamping.
24.辭卑而益備者進也辭强而進驅者退也
24. Humble words and increased preparations are signs that the enemy is about to advance. Violent language and driving forward as if to the attack are signs that he will retreat.
25.輕車先出居其側者陣也
26.無約而請和者謀也
25. When the light chariots come out first and take up a position on the wings, it is a sign that the enemy is forming for battle. 26. Peace proposals unaccompanied by a sworn covenant indicate a plot.
27.奔走而陳兵者期也
28.半進半退者誘也
29.倚仗而立者飢也
30.汲而先飲者渴也
27. When there is much running about and the soldiers fall into rank, it means that the critical moment has come.
28. When some are seen advancing and some retreating, it is a lure.
29. When the soldiers stand leaning on their spears, they are faint from want of food.
30. If those who are sent to draw water begin by drinking themselves, the army is suffering from thirst.
31.見利而不進者勞也
32.鳥集者虛也夜呼者恐也
33.軍擾者將不重也旌旗動者亂也吏怒者倦也
34.粟馬肉食軍無懸缻不返其舍者窮寇也
31. If the enemy sees an advantage to be gained and makes no effort to secure it, the soldiers are exhausted.
32. If birds gather on any spot, it is unoccupied. Clamor by night betokens nervousness.
33. If there is disturbance in the camp, the general's authority is weak. If the banners and flags are shifted about, sedition is afoot. If the officers are angry, it means that the men are weary.
34. When an army feeds its horses with grain and kills its cattle for food, and when the men do not hang their cooking-pots
over the camp-fires, showing that they will not return to their tents, you may know that they are determined to fight to the death.
35.諄諄翕翕徐言人人者失衆也
35. The sight of men whispering together in small knots or speaking in subdued tones points to disaffection amongst the rank and file.
36.屢賞者窘也數罰者困也
37.先暴而後畏其衆者不精之至也
38.來委謝者欲休息也
36. Too frequent rewards signify that the enemy is at the end of his resources; too many punishments betray a condition of dire distress.
37. To begin by bluster, but afterwards to take fright at the enemy's numbers, shows a supreme lack of intelligence.
38. When envoys are sent with compliments in their mouths, it is a sign that the enemy wishes for a truce.
39.兵怒而相迎久而不合又不相去必謹察之
40.兵非益多惟無武進足以併力料敵取人而已
39. If the enemy's troops march up angrily and remain facing ours for a long time without either joining battle or taking themselves off again, the situation is one that demands great vigilance and circumspection. 40. If our troops are no more in number than the enemy, that is amply sufficient; it only means that no direct attack can be made. What we can do is simply to concentrate all our available strength, keep a close watch on the enemy, and obtain reinforcements.
41.夫惟無慮而易敵者必擒於人
42.卒未親附而罰之則不服不服則難用卒已親附而罰不行則不可用也
41. He who exercises no forethought but makes light of his opponents is sure to be captured by them.
42. If soldiers are punished before they have grown
attached to you, they will not prove submissive; and, unless submissive, then will be practically useless. If, when the soldiers have become attached to you, punishments are not enforced, they will still be useless.
43.故令之以文齊之以武是謂必取
44.令素行以教其民則民服令不素行以教其民則民不服
45.令素信著者與衆相得也
43. Therefore soldiers must be treated in the first instance with humanity, but kept under control by means of iron discipline. This is a certain road to victory.
44. If in training soldiers commands are habitually enforced, the army will be well-disciplined; if not, its discipline will be bad.
45. If a general shows confidence in his men but always insists on his orders being obeyed, the gain will be mutual.
孫子兵法-chn-eng-
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2018.04.29 22:40:59
行軍第九
01.凡(무릇 범) : 무릇, 대저, 모두, 평범하다, 보통이다
02.隆(높을 륭) : 높이다, 높다, 성대하다, 두텁다
03.處(곳 처) : 곳, 처소, 살다, 머무르다, 처리하다, 두다
04.也(잇기 야) : ~이다, 이냐, ~야(호격), ~야말로, ~은, 잇기(이음)
05.令(명령 령) : 명령, 명하다, ~하게 하다, 만일 ~이면, 만약, 하여금
06.而(말 이을 이) : 그리고, ~하면서, 그런데, 너, 만약, 말을 잇다
07.於(어조사 어) : ~에, ~에서, 아아(감탄사)
08.斥(물리칠 척) : 물리치다, 내쫓다, 가리키다, 망보다, 열다, 늪, 물가, 소금기 많은 땅
09.惟(생각할 유) : 생각하다, 오직, 생각건대, 마땅하다, 예(대답)
10.亟(빠를 극) : 빠르다, 성급하다, 삼가다, 심하다, 빠르게
11.沫(거품 말) : 거품, 물거품, 물거품이 일다
12.絶澗(절간) : 깊은 골짜기
13.澗(산골물 간) : 산골 물, 산골짜기, 강 이름
14.牢(우리 뢰) : 우리, 감옥, 희생, 에워싸다
12.隙(틈 극) : 틈, 구멍, 흠, 결점, 여가, 불화, 갈라지다
13.阻(막힐 조) : 막히다, 험하다, 의심하다, 고난
14.蔣(줄 장) : 줄(풀이름), 깔개, 격려하다, 주다, 성씨의 하나
15.潢(웅덩이 황) : 웅덩이, 못, 저수지
16.葭葦(가위) 갈대
17.葭(갈대 가) : 갈대, 갈대피리
18.葦(갈대 위) : 갈대, 거룻배
19.蘙(무성한 모양 예) : 무성한 모양
20.薈(무성할 회) : 무성하다, 우거지다, 덮다, 가리다
21.覆(다시 복) : 다시, 도리어, 엎어지다, 알리다, 배반하다
22.恃(믿을 시) : 믿다, 의지하다, 자부하다
23.易(바꿀 역/ 쉬울 이) : 역/바꾸다, 고치다, 주역, 도마뱀 이/쉽다, 편안하다, 기쁘다
24.樵(땔나무 초) : 땔나무, 화목, 나무하다
25.陳(늘어놓을 진) : 베풀다, 묵다, 늘어놓다, 진법, 진열하다
26.倚(의지할 의) : 의지하다, 기댐
27.擾(어지러울 요) : 어지럽다, 흐려지다, 어지럽힘
28.倦(게으를 권) : 게으르다, 피로하다, 고달프다, 싫증남
29.缻(장군 부) : 장군, 缶와 동자
30.諄(타이를 순) : 타이르다, 정성스럽다, 돕다
31.翕(합할 흡) : 합하다, 한꺼번에 일어나다, 성하다, 모으다, 많다
32.窘(군색할 군) : 군색하다, 곤궁하다, 궁하다, 고생하다
33.委(맡길 위) : 맡기다, 자세하다, 굽히다, 시들다
34.謝(사례할 사) : 사례하다, 사과하다, 진술하다, 사절함, 보상
35.而已(이이) : ~할 따름, 뿐임
36.附(붙을 부) : 붙다, 달라붙다, 기대다, 의지하다, 가깝다
37.素(흴 소) : 희다, 무늬없는 천, 근본, 처음, 본래, 평소, 소박하다
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