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Chapter 085-04 유비의 죽음

  正言間,忽一人從班部中奮然而出曰:「不乘此時進兵,更待何時?」眾視之,乃司馬懿也。丕大喜,遂問計於懿。懿曰:「若只起中國之兵,急難取勝。須用五路大兵,四面夾攻,令諸葛亮首尾不能救應,然後可圖。」

  丕問何五路?懿曰:「可修書一封,差使往遼東鮮卑國,王軻比能,賂以金帛,令起遼西羌兵十萬,先從旱路取西平關:此一路也。再修書遣使齎官誥賞賜,直入南蠻見蠻王孟獲,令起兵十萬,攻打益州、永昌、牂牁、越雋四郡,以擊西川之南:此二路也。再遣使入吳修好,許以割地,令孫權起兵十萬,攻兩川夾口,徑取涪城:此三路也。又可遣使至降將孟達處,起上庸兵十萬,西攻漢中:此四路也。然後命大將軍曹真為大都督,提兵十萬,由京兆徑出陽平關取西川:此五路也。共大兵五十萬,五路並進。諸葛亮便有呂望之才,安能當此乎?」

  丕大喜,隨即密遣能言官四員為使前去;又命曹真為大都督,領兵十萬,逕取陽平關。此時張遼等一班舊將,皆封列侯,俱在冀、徐、青及合淝等處,據守關津隘口,故不復調用。卻說蜀漢後主劉禪,自即位以來,舊臣多有病亡者,不能細說。凡一應朝廷、選法、錢糧、詞訟等事,皆聽諸葛丞相裁處。時後主未立皇后。孔明與群臣上言曰:「故車騎將軍張飛之女甚賢,年十七歲,可納為正宮皇后。」後主即納之。

  建興元年秋八月,忽有邊報說:「魏調五路大兵,來取西川:第一路,曹真為大都督,起兵十萬,取陽平關;第二路,乃反將孟達,起上庸兵十萬,犯漢中;第三路,乃東吳孫權,起精兵十萬,取峽口入川;第四路,乃蠻王孟獲,起蠻兵十萬,犯益州四郡;第五路,乃番王軻比能,起羌兵十萬,犯西平關-此五路軍馬,甚是利害。已先報知丞相,丞相不知為何,數日不出視事。」

  後主聽罷大驚,即差近侍齎旨,宣召孔明入朝。使命去了半日,「回報丞相府下人言,丞相染病不出。」後主轉慌;次日,又命黃門侍郎董允、諫議大夫杜瓊,去丞相臥榻前,告此大事。董、杜二人,到丞相府前,皆不得入。杜瓊曰:「先帝託孤於丞相,今主上初豋寶位,被曹丕五路兵犯境,軍情至急,丞相何故推病不出?」良久,門吏傳丞相令,言:「病體稍可,明早出都堂議事。」董、杜二人歎息而回。

  次日,多官又來丞相府前伺侯。從早至晚,又不見出。眾官惶惶,只得散去。杜瓊入奏後主曰:「請陛下聖駕,親往丞相府問計。」後主即引多官入宮,啟皇太后。太后大驚,曰:「丞相何故如此?有負先帝委託之情也!我當自往。」董允奏曰:「娘娘未可輕往。臣料丞相必有有高明之見。且待主上先往。如困怠慢,請娘娘於太廟中,召丞相問之未遲。」太后依奏。

  次日,後主車駕親至相府。門吏見駕到,慌忙拜伏於地而迎。後主問曰;「丞相在何處?」門吏曰:「不知在何處。只有丞相鈞旨,教擋住百官,勿得輒入。」後主乃下車步行,獨進第三重門,見孔明獨倚竹杖,在小池邊觀魚。後主在後立久,乃徐徐而言曰:「丞相安樂否?」孔明回顧,見是後主,慌忙棄杖,拜伏於地曰:「臣該萬死!」後主扶起,問曰;「今曹丕分兵五路,犯境甚急,相父緣何不肯出府視事?」孔明大笑,扶後主入內室坐定,奏曰:「五路兵至,臣安得不知?臣非觀魚,有所思也。」後主曰:「如之奈何?」孔明曰:「羌王軻比能,蠻王孟獲,反將孟達,魏將曹真:此四路兵,臣已皆退去了也。止有孫權這一路兵,臣已有退兵之計,但須一能言之人為使。因未得其人,故熟思之。陛下何必憂乎?」


88 As Jia Xu tendered this remonstrance, a man suddenly stepped out from the serried ranks of courtiers and said fiercely, "If you neglect this moment, can you expect a more favorable opportunity?"

89 All eyes turned to the speaker. It was Sima Yi.

90 The interruption greatly pleased Cao Pi, who at once asked how it was to be done.

91 Sima Yi propounded his plan in the following speech: "It would be very difficult to obtain success with our own resources. Hence we must use five armies and attack all round at the same time, so as to divide Zhuge Liang."

92 "Where are the five armies to come from?" said Cao Pi.

93 Sima Yi went on, "The first is to be got from Liaodong, from the Xianbi State. You must write to King Kebi Neng and send him presents of gold and silks so that he may send one hundred thousand Qiang troops from Liaoxi to attack Xiping Pass. Secondly, the king of the Mang Tribes, Meng Huo, must be persuaded to lead one hundred thousand troops to attack the south of Shu---Yizhou, Yongchang, Zangge, and Yuesui. Thirdly, you must send an ambassador to Wu with fair promises of an increase of territory, and so induce Sun Quan to march one hundred thousand troops to the attack of the Three Gorges, making Fucheng his objective. The fourth army can be got from General Meng Da in Shangyong, who can muster one hundred thousand troops to attack Hanzhong. Lastly, our own force of one hundred thousand troops may be placed under Cao Zhen, who will attack by way of Yangping Pass. With five hundred thousand troops making simultaneous attacks along five different directions, it would be hard for Zhuge Liang to hold his own, even if he had the talent of Lu Wang himself."

94 The scheme delighted Cao Pi, who at once cast about for four glib-tongued messengers. He also issued a commission to Cao Zhen as Commander-in-Chief with the order to take Yangping Pass.

95 At this time Zhang Liao and most others of the veterans who had served Cao Cao were keeping watch in various stations and passes and fords in Jizhou, Xuzhou, Qingzhou, and Hefei. They were not summoned for this expedition to the west.

96 After the accession of Liu Shan, the Latter Ruler, many of those who had served his father gradually died after the decease of their master. The work of the administration of the country, the choice of officials, law-making, taxation, decision of legal cases, was all done by the Prime Minister.

97 As the Latter Ruler had no consort, the courtiers, headed by Zhuge Liang, proposed, saying, "The daughter of the late General of the Flying Cavalry Zhang Fei is prudent, and she is now seventeen. Your Majesty should make her Empress."

98 So Lady Zhang was married to the Emperor and became Empress Zhang.

99 It was in the autumn of the first year of Beginning Prosperity (AD 223) that the Latter Ruler heard of the plans and intentions of Wei against his state.

100 The persons who told him gave him full details said: “Wei has mustered five armies of one hundred thousand each to march against the River Lands. The first army led by Commander-in-Chief Cao Zhen is heading to Yangping Pass. The second army from Shangyong led by the rebel Meng Da is planning to attack Hanzhong. The third army from Wu is threatening the Three Gorges. The fourth army under King Kebi Neng of the Qiang tribes is marching to Xiping Pass. And the fifth army by Meng Huo of the Mang nations is approaching the southern border near Yizhou, Yongchang, Zangge, and Yuesui. The border stations have sent flying requests for help. We have informed the Prime Minister. But his conduct puzzles us. We do not know why he does not take some action instead of remaining shut up in his palace all the time."

101 The Latter Ruler became really alarmed, and he sent one of his personal attendants to call the Prime Minister to court.

102 The servant was gone a long time, and then returned to say: "The servants in the residence said the Prime Minister was ill and not to be seen."

103 The young Emperor's distress increased, and he sent two High Ministers---Dong Yun and Du Qiong---to Zhuge Liang, saying they were to see him even if he was on his couch and tell him the dreadful news of invasion. They went; but they got no farther than the gate. The keepers of the gate refused them admission.

104 But Du Qiong said, “The First Ruler had confided his son to the Prime Minister. It has not been long since His Majesty's accession to the Throne that Cao Pi threatens to invade our territories with five armies. This is urgent military matter. How can the Prime Minister make illness as an excuse not to appear?”

105 The wardens of the gate went inside with what was said.

106 After keeping them waiting a long time, the wardens returned, saying, "The Prime Minister is rather better and will be at court in the morning."

107 The two ministers sighed deeply as they wended their way to the Emperor's palace.

108 Next morning a great crowd of officers assembled at the gate of the Prime Minister's residence to wait for him to appear. But he did not come out. It began to grow late, and many of them were tired of waiting, and the crowd dispersed.

109 Du Qiong went again to the Emperor and suggested, saying, "Your Majesty should go in person and try to get Zhuge Liang to say what should be done."

110 The Latter Ruler then returned to his palace with the officials and told the Empress Dowager his trouble. She was also alarmed.

111 "What can he mean?" said she. "This does not look like acting in the spirit of the charge laid upon him by the late Emperor. Let me go myself."

112 "Oh no," said Dong Yun. "Your Majesty must not go. We think all is well, and the Prime Minister certainly understands and will do something. Beside, you must let His Majesty go first, and if the Prime Minister still shows remissness, then Your Majesty can summon him to the Temple of the Dynasty and ask him."

113 So it was left at that. And the next day the Emperor rode in his chariot to the gate of his minister. When the doorkeepers saw the imperial chariot appear, they fell upon their knees to welcome the Emperor.

114 "Where is the Prime Minister?" asked he.

115 "We do not know. But we have orders not to let in the crowd of officers."

116 The Emperor then descended and went on foot right in to the third gate. Then he saw Zhuge Liang leaning on a staff beside a fishpond looking at the fish. The Latter Ruler approached, and stood behind him for a long time.

117 Presently the Latter Ruler said slowly and with dignity, "Is the Prime Minister really enjoying himself?"

118 Zhuge Liang started and looked round. When he saw who the speaker was, he suddenly dropped his staff and prostrated himself.

119 "I ought to be put to death ten thousand times!" said Zhuge Liang.

120 But the Emperor put forth his hand and helped him to rise, saying, "Cao Pi threatens immediate invasion from five points. Why will you not come forth and attend to business?"

121 Zhuge Liang laughed. He conducted the Emperor into an inner room, and, when he was seated, Zhuge Liang addressed the Emperor, saying, "Could it be possible that I was ignorant of these five armies? I was not looking at the fishes; I was thinking."

122 "But, this being so, what shall we do?"

123 "I have already turned back that Kebi Neng of the Qiangs, and Meng Huo of the Mangs, and the rebel leader Meng Da, and the army from Wei. I have also thought out a plan to circumvent the army from Wu, but I need a special sort of person to carry it out. I want an envoy, an able talker, one capable of persuading other people. It was because I have not found such a person yet that I was so deeply in thought. But Your Majesty may set your mind at rest and not be anxious."




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