삼국지 인물 찾아보기

Chapter 099-04 공명과 중달
    
  原來司馬懿亦恐中孔明之計,沿途不住的令人傳報。懿正催戰間,忽流星馬飛報,言蜀兵兩路逕取大寨去了。懿大驚失色,乃謂眾將曰:「吾料孔明有計,汝等不信,勉強追來,卻誤了大事!」即提兵急回。軍心惶惶亂走。張翼隨後掩殺,魏兵大敗。張郃、戴陵見勢孤,亦望山僻小路而走,蜀兵大勝。背後關興引兵接應諸路。

  司馬懿大敗一陣,奔入寨時,蜀兵已自回去。懿收聚敗軍,責罵諸將曰:「汝等不知兵法,只憑血氣之勇,強欲出戰,致有此敗。今後切不許妄動,再有不遵,決正軍法!」眾皆羞慚而退。這一陣,魏軍死者極多,魏將遺棄馬匹器械無數。

  卻說孔明收得勝軍馬入寨,又欲起兵進取。忽報有人自成都來,說張苞身死。孔明聞知,放聲大哭,口中吐血,昏絕於地。眾人救醒。孔明自此得病臥床不起。諸將無不感激。後人有詩嘆曰:

悍勇張苞欲建功,
可憐天不助英雄!
武侯淚向西風灑,
為念無人佐鞠躬。

  旬日之後,孔明喚董厥、樊建等入帳分付曰:「吾自覺昏沉,不能理事;不如且回漢中養病,再作良圖。汝等切勿走泄,司馬懿若知,必來攻擊。」遂傳號令,教當夜暗暗拔寨,皆回漢中。孔明去了五日,懿方得知,乃長嘆曰:「孔明真有神出鬼沒之計,吾不能及也!」於是司馬懿留諸將在寨中,分兵守把各處隘口;懿自班師回。

  卻說孔明將大軍屯於漢中,自回成都養病﹔文武官僚出城迎接,送入丞相府中,後主御駕自來問病,命御醫調治,日漸痊可。

  建興八年秋七月,魏都督曹真病可,乃上表說:「蜀兵數次侵界,屢犯中原,若不剿除,後必為患。今時值秋涼,人馬安閒,正當征伐。臣願與司馬懿同領大軍,逕入漢中,殄滅奸黨,以清邊境。」

  魏主大喜,問侍中劉曄曰:「子丹勸朕伐蜀,如何?」曄奏曰:「大將軍之言是也。今若不剿除,後必為大患。陛下便可行之。」睿點頭。曄出內回家,有眾大臣相探,問曰:「聞天子與公計議興兵伐蜀,此事如何?」曄應曰:「無此事也。蜀有山川之險,非可易圖﹔空費軍馬之勞,於國無益。」
    
  眾官默然而退。楊暨入內奏曰:「昨聞劉曄勸陛下伐蜀,今日與眾臣議,又言不可伐,是欺陛下也。陛下何不召而問之?」睿即召劉曄入內問曰:「卿勸朕伐蜀,今又言不可,何也?」曄曰:「臣細詳之,蜀不可伐。」睿大笑。少時,楊暨出內。曄奏曰:「臣昨日勸陛下伐蜀,乃國之大事,豈可妄泄於人?夫兵者,詭道也:事未發,切宜秘之。」睿大悟曰:「卿言是也。」自此愈加敬重。

  旬日內,司馬懿入朝,魏主將曹真表奏之事,逐一言之。懿奏曰:「臣料東吳必不敢動兵,今日正可乘此去伐蜀。」睿即拜曹真為大司馬征西大都督,司馬懿為大將軍征西副都督,劉曄為軍師。三人拜辭魏主,引四十萬大兵,前行至長安,逕奔劍閣,來取漢中。其餘郭淮、孫禮等,各取路而行。


84 Now Sima Yi had really feared that he would fall victim to some ruse of Zhuge Liang, so he had arranged for messengers and news to meet him at intervals along the road.

85 Sima Yi was pressing his troops to fight when a messenger galloped up to report: "The soldiers of Shu are making for the main camp by two directions."

86 Sima Yi was frightened and changed color. He turned on his generals, saying, "I knew Zhuge Liang would plan some trick, but you did not believe me. You forced me to pursue, and now the whole scheme has gone astray."

87 Thereupon he gathered in his army and turned to retire. The troops went hurriedly and got into disorder. Zhang Yi came up behind, causing huge damage to the Wei army. Zhang He and Dai Ling, having but few troops left, sought refuge among the hills. The victory was to Shu, and Guan Xing came up helping in the rout wherever there appeared a chance to strike.

88 Sima Yi, defeated, hurried to the camp. But when he reached it, the army of Shu had already left. He gathered in his broken army and abused his generals as the cause of his failure.

89 "You are all ignorant of the proper way to wage war, and think it simply a matter of valor and rude strength. This is the result of your unbridled desire to go out and give battle. For the future no one of you will move without definite orders, and I will apply strict military law to any who disobey."

90 They were all greatly ashamed and retired to their quarters. In this fight the losses of Wei were very heavy, not only in soldiers, but in horses and weapons.

91 Zhuge Liang led his victorious army to their camp. He intended to advance again, when a messenger arrived from Capital Chengdu with the sad news that Zhang Bao had died. When they told Zhuge Liang he uttered a great cry, blood gushed from his mouth and he fell in a swoon. He was raised and taken to his tent, but he was too ill to march and had to keep his bed. His generals were much grieved.

92 A later poet sang:

93 Fierce and valiant was Zhang Bao, 
Striving hard to make a name; 
Sad the gods should interfere 
And withhold a hero's fame! 
Zhuge Liang wept his end 
In the western winds blowing. 
For he knew the warrior gone, 
This grieving is beyond knowing.

94 Zhuge Liang's illness continued. Ten days later he summoned to his tent Dong Jue and Fan Jian, and said, "I feel void and am too ill to carry on, and the best thing for me is to return into Hanzhong and get well. You are to keep my absence perfectly secret, for Sima Yi will certainly attack if he hears."

95 Zhuge Liang issued orders to break up the camp that night, and the army retired into Hanzhong forthwith. Sima Yi only heard of it five days later, and he knew that again he had been outwitted.

96 "The man appears like a god and disappears like a demon. He is too much for me," sighed Sima Yi.

97 Sima Yi set certain generals over the camp and placed others to guard the commanding positions, and he also marched homeward.

98 As soon as the Shu army was settled in Hanzhong, Zhuge Liang went to Chengdu for treatment. The officials of all ranks came to greet him and escort him to his palace. The Latter Ruler also came to inquire after his condition and sent his own physicians to treat him. So gradually he recovered.

99 In Beginning Prosperity, eighth year and seventh month (AD 230), Cao Zhen, the Grand Commander in Wei, had recovered, and he sent a memorial to his master, saying,

100 "Shu has invaded more than once and threatened Changan. If this state be not destroyed, it will ultimately be our ruin. The autumn coolness is now here. The army is in good form, and it is the time most favorable for an attack on Shu. I desire to take Sima Yi as colleague and march into Hanzhong to exterminate this wretched horde and free the borders from trouble."

101 Personally, the Ruler of Wei approved, but he consulted Liu Ye, saying, "Cao Zhen proposes an attack on Shu. How about that?"

102 Liu Ye replied, "The Grand Commander speaks well. If that state be not destroyed, it will be to our hurt. Your Majesty should give effect to his desire."

103 The Ruler of Wei nodded.

104 When Liu Ye went home, a crowd of officers flocked to inquire, saying, "We heard the Emperor has consulted you about an expedition against Shu: What think you?"

105 "No such thing," said Liu Ye. "Shu is too difficult a country to invade. It would be a mere waste of humans and weapons."

106 They left him. Then Yang Jin went into the Emperor and said, "It is said that yesterday Liu Ye advised Your Majesty to fall upon Shu. Today when we talked with him, he said Shu could not be attacked. This is treating Your Majesty with indignity, and you should issue a command to punish him."

107 Wherefore Cao Rui called in Liu Ye and asked him to explain.

108 Liu Ye replied, "I have studied the details. Shu cannot be attacked."

109 Cao Rui laughed.

110 In a short time Yang Jin left.

111 Then Liu Ye said, "Yesterday I advised Your Majesty to attack Shu. That being a matter of state policy should be divulged to no person. The essential of a military move is secrecy."

112 Then Cao Rui understood, and thereafter Liu Ye was held in greater consideration.

113 Ten days later Sima Yi came to court, and Cao Zhen's memorial was shown him.

114 Sima Yi replied, "The moment is opportune. I do not think there is any danger from Wu."

115 Cao Zhen was created Minister of War, General Who Conquers the West, and Commander-in-Chief of the Western Expedition; Sima Yi was made Grand Commander, General Who Conquers the West, and was second in command; and Liu Ye was made Instructor of the Army. These three then left the court, and the army of four hundred thousand troops marched to Changan, intending to dash to Saber Pass and attack Hanzhong. The army was joined by Guo Huai and Sun Li.




삼국지 백과사전 인물, 지명, 병법, 전투, 무기, 관직, More...

한국 Korea Tour in Subkorea.com Road, Islands, Mountains, Tour Place, Beach, Festival, University, Golf Course, Stadium, History Place, Natural Monument, Paintings, Pottery, K-jokes, UNESCO Heritage, 중국 China Tour in Subkorea.com History, Idioms, UNESCO Heritage, Tour Place, Baduk, Golf Course, Stadium, University, J-Cartoons, 일본 Japan Tour in Subkorea.com Tour Place, Baduk, Golf Course, Stadium, University, History, Idioms, UNESCO Heritage, E-jokes, 인도 India Tour in Subkorea.com History, UNESCO Heritage, Tour Place, Golf Course, Stadium, University, Paintings,