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Chapter 112-03 다섯번째 좌절

  時蜀漢延熙二十年,改為景耀元年。姜維在漢中選川將兩員,每日操練人馬:一是蔣舒,一是傅僉,兩人頗有膽勇,維甚愛之。忽報淮南諸葛誕起兵討司馬昭,東吳孫琳助之,昭大起兩淮之兵,將魏太后並魏主一同出征去了。維大喜曰:「吾今番大事濟矣!」

  遂表奏後主,願興兵伐魏。中散大夫譙周聽知,嘆曰:「近來朝廷溺於酒色,信任中貴黃皓,不理國事,只圖歡樂;伯約累欲征伐,不恤軍士;國將危矣!」乃作「讎國論」一篇,寄與姜維。維拆封視之。論曰:

  或問:古往能以弱勝強者,其術何如?曰:處大國無患者,恆多慢;處小國有憂者,恆思善。多慢則生亂,思善則生治,理之常也,故周文養民,以少取多;句踐恤眾,以弱斃強。此其術也。

  或曰:曩者楚強漢弱,約分鴻溝,張良以為民志既定,則難動也,率兵追羽,終斃項氏;豈必由文王、句踐之事乎!曰:商、周之際,王侯世尊,君臣之固,當此之時,雖有漢祖,安能仗劍取天下乎?今秦罷侯置守之後,民疲秦役,天下土崩,於是豪傑並爭。今我與彼,皆傳國易世矣,既非秦末鼎沸之時,實有六國並據之勢。故可為文王,難為漢祖。時可而後動,數合而後舉;故湯、武之師,不再戰而克,誠重民勞而度時審也。如遂極武黷征,不幸遇難,雖有智者,不能謀之矣。」

  姜維看畢,大怒曰:「此腐儒之論也!」擲之於地。遂提川兵來取中原。又問傅僉曰:「以公度之,可出何地?」僉曰:「魏屯糧草,皆在長城;今可逕取駱谷。度沈嶺,直到長城,先燒糧草,然後直取秦川,則中原指日可得矣。」維曰:「公之見與吾之計暗合也。」即提兵逕取駱谷,度沈嶺,望長城而來。

  卻說長城鎮守將軍司馬望,乃司馬昭之族兄也。城內糧草甚多,人馬卻少。望聽知蜀兵到,急與王真、李鵬二將,引兵離城二十里下寨。次日蜀兵來到,望引二將出陣。姜維出馬,指望而言曰:「今司馬昭遷主於軍中,必有李傕、郭汜之意也。吾今奉朝廷明命,前來問罪,汝當早降。若還愚迷,全家誅戳!」望大聲而答曰:「汝等無禮。數犯上國,如不早退,令汝片甲不歸!」

  言未畢,望背後王真挺槍出馬,蜀陣中傅僉出迎。戰不十合,僉賣個破綻,王真便挺槍來刺。傅僉閃過,活捉真於馬上,便回本陣。李鵬大怒,縱馬輪刀來救。僉故意放慢,等李鵬將近努力擲真於地,暗製四楞鐵(左金右間)在手;鵬趕上舉刀待砍,傅僉偷身回顧,向李鵬面門只一(左金右間),打得眼珠迸出,死於馬下。王真被蜀軍亂槍刺死。姜維驅兵大進。司馬望棄寨入城,閉門不出。維下令曰:「軍士今夜且歇一宿,以養銳氣。來日需要入城。」


63 At this time in Shu, the reign style was changed from Long Enjoyment, the twentieth year, to Wonderful Sight, the first year (AD 258). In Hanzhong Jiang Wei had recruited two generals, Fu Qian and Jiang Shu, both of whom he loved greatly, and set them to train the army, horse and foot.

64 Then came the news: "Zhuge Dan has set out to destroy Sima Zhao; Sun Chen of Wu has supported him with a large army; and Sima Zhao has led the army himself, bringing with him the Empress Dowager and the Ruler of Wei."

65 Jiang Wei said, "The great opportunity has come at last!"

66 So he asked the Latter Ruler's authority to make another expedition.

67 But Minister Qiao Zhou heard this with grief, for internal affairs were not well.

68 Said he, "The court is sunk in dissipation, and the Emperor's confidence is given to that eunuch, Huang Hao. State affairs are neglected for pleasure, which is the Emperor's sole aim. Jiang Wei has led many expeditions and wasted the lives of many soldiers, so that the state is falling."

69 Qiao Zhou then wrote an essay on "Enemy Kingdoms," which he sent to Jiang Wei.

70 "When one asks by what means the weak overcame the strong in past times, the answer is that those responsible for the strong state made no struggle against general laxity, while those in power in a weak state took careful steps for improvement. Confusion followed upon laxity and efficiency grew out of diligence, as is the universal rule. King Wen of Zhou devoted himself to the welfare of his people, and with a small number achieved great results; Gou Jian sympathized with all, and with a weak force overcame a powerful opponent. These were their methods.

71 "One may recall that in the past Chu was strong and Han weak when the empire was divided by agreement at the Grand Canal. Then, seeing that his people were satisfied and settled in their minds, Zhang Liang went in pursuit of Xiang Yu and destroyed him.

72 "But is it necessary to act like King Wen and Gou Jian? Listen to the reply. In the days of Shang and Zhou, when imperial ranks had long existed and the relations between prince and minister were firmly established, even such as the Founder of the Hans could not have carved his way to a throne. But when the dynasty of Qin had suppressed the feudal nobles and set up mere representatives of its own power, and the people were weak and enslaved, the empire was rived asunder, and there succeeded a time of contention, when every bold soul strove with his neighbor.

73 "But we are now in other times. Since there is not the state of confusion that waited on the end of Qin, but a state of things more nearly like that of the period of the Warring States, in which six kingdoms contended for the mastery, therefore one may play the part of King Wen. If one would found a dynasty, then must that one wait upon time and favorable destiny. With these in his favor, the consummation will follow forthwith, as the armies of Kings Tang and Wu fought but one battle. Therefore have real compassion for the people and wait on opportunity. If wars are constant, and a mishap come, even the wisest will be unable to show the way of safety."

74 "An effusion from the pen of a rotten pedant?" cried Jiang Wei wrathfully as he finished reading, and he dashed the essay on the ground in contempt.

75 The protest was disregarded, and the army marched.

76 "In your opinion where should we begin?" asked he of Fu Qian.

77 Fu Qian replied, "The great storehouse of Wei is at Changcheng, and we ought to burn their grain and forage. Let us go out by the Luo Valley and cross the Shen Ridge. After the capture of Changcheng, we can go on to Qinchuan, and the conquest of the Middle Land will be near."

78 "What you say just fits in with my secret plans," replied Jiang Wei.

79 So the army marched to the Luo Valley and crossed the Shen Ridge.

80 The Commander of Changcheng was Sima Wang, a cousin of Sima Zhao. Huge stores of grain were in the city, but its defenses were weak. So when Sima Wang heard of the approach of the Shu army, he and his two leaders, Wang Zhen and Li Peng, made a camp seven miles from the walls to keep any attack at a distance.

81 When the enemy came up, Sima Wang and his two generals went forth from the ranks to meet them.

82 Jiang Wei stood in the front of his army and said, "Sima Zhao has forced his prince to go with him to war, which plainly indicates that he intends to emulate the deeds of Li Jue and Guo Si. My government has commanded me to punish this fault. Wherefore I say to you yield at once. For if you persist in the way of error, you and yours shall all be put to death!"

83 Sima Wang shouted back, "You and yours are wholly strangers to any feeling of rectitude. You have repeatedly invaded a superior state's territory. If you do not at once retire, I will see to it that not even a breastplate returns!"

84 With these words General Wang Zhen rode out, his spear set ready to thrust. From the host of Shu came Fu Qian to take the challenge, and the two champions engaged. After a few encounters Fu Qian tempted his opponent by feigning weakness. Wang Zhen thrust at the opening he gave. Fu Qian evaded the blow, snatched Wang Zhen out of the saddle, and bore him off.

85 Seeing this, his colleague, Li Peng whirled up his sword and went pounding down toward the captor. Fu Qian went but slowly, thus luring Li Peng into rash pursuit. When Li Peng was near enough, Fu Qian dashed his prisoner with all his strength to the earth, took a firm grip on his four-edged brand, and smote Li Peng full in the face. The blow knocked out an eye, and Li Peng fell dead. Wang Zhen had been already killed by the Shu troops as he lay on the ground. Both generals being dead, the troops of Wei fled into the city and barred the gates.

86 Jiang Wei gave orders for the army to rest that night and take the city on the morrow with all vigor.




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