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Chapter 050-03 목숨을 구걸하는 조조
     
操見前軍停馬不進,問是何故。回報曰:「前面山僻路小,因早晨下雨,坑塹內積水不流,泥陷馬蹄,不能前進。」操大怒,叱曰:「軍旅逢山開路,遇水疊橋,豈有泥濘不堪行之理!」傳下號令,教老弱中傷軍士在後慢行,強壯者擔土束柴,搬草運蘆,填塞道路,務要即時行動;如違令者斬。眾軍只得都下馬,就路旁砍伐竹木,填塞山路。操恐後軍來趕,令張遼,許褚,徐晃,引百騎執刀在手,但遲慢者便斬之。

操喝令人馬沿棧而行,死者不可勝數。號哭之聲,於路不絕。操怒曰:「生死有命,何哭之有!如再哭者立斬!」三停人馬,一停落後,一停填了溝壑,一停跟隨曹操。過了險峻,路稍平坦。操回顧止有三百餘騎隨後,並無衣甲袍鎧整齊者。操催速行。眾將曰:「馬盡乏矣,只好少歇。」操曰:「趕到荊州將息未遲。」又行不到數里,操在馬上揚鞭大笑。眾將問:「丞相何又大笑?」操曰:「人皆言周瑜,諸葛亮足智多謀,以吾觀之,到底是無能之輩。若使此處伏一旅之師,吾等皆束手受縛矣。」

言未畢。一聲砲響,兩邊五百校刀手擺開,為首大將關雲長,提青龍刀,跨赤兔馬,截住去路。操軍見了,亡魂喪膽,面面相覷。操曰:「既到此處,只得決一死戰!」眾將曰:「人縱然不怯,馬力已乏,安能復戰?」程昱曰:「某素知雲長傲上而不忍下,欺強而不凌弱;恩怨分明,信義素著。丞相昔日有恩於彼,今只親自告之,可脫此難。」

操從其說,即縱馬向前,欠身謂雲長曰:「將軍別來無恙?」雲長亦欠身答曰:「關某奉軍師將令,等候丞相多時。」操曰:「曹操兵敗勢危,到此無路,望將軍以昔日之情為重。」雲長曰:「昔日關某雖蒙丞相厚恩,然已斬顏良,誅文醜,解白馬之圍,以奉報矣。今日之事,豈敢以私廢公?」操曰:「五關斬將之時,還能記否?大丈夫以信義為重。將軍深明春秋,豈不知庾公之斯追子濯孺子之事乎?」

雲長是個義重如山之人,想起當日曹操許多恩義,與後來五關斬將之事,如何不動心?又見曹軍惶惶皆欲垂淚,越發心中不忍。於是把馬頭勒回,謂眾軍曰:「四散擺開。」這個分明是放曹操的意思。操見雲長回馬,便和眾將一齊衝將過去。雲長回身時,曹操已與眾將過去了。雲長大喝一聲,眾軍皆下馬,哭拜於地。雲長愈加不忍。正猶豫間,張遼驟馬而至,雲長見了,又動故舊之情;長歎一聲,並皆放去,後人有詩曰:

曹瞞兵敗走華容,正與關公狹路逢。
只為當初恩義重,放開金鎖走蛟龍。

55 Noticing that the leading party had stopped, Cao Cao 조조 sent to ask the reason.

56 The messenger returned, saying, "The rain water collected in the pits makes the ground a mire, and the horses cannot not move."

57 Cao Cao raged. He said, "When soldiers come to hills, they cut a road; when they happen upon streams, they bridge them. Such a thing as mud cannot stay an army."

58 So he ordered the weak and wounded to go to the rear and come on as they could, while the robust and able were to cut down trees, and gather herbage and reeds to fill up the holes. And it was to be done without delay, or death would be the punishment of the disobedient or remiss.

59 So the soldiers dismounted and felled trees and cut bamboos, and they leveled the road. And because of the imminence and fear of pursuit, a party of one hundred under Zhang Liao 장요, Xu Chu 허저, and Xu Huang 서황 was told off to hasten the workers and slay any that idled.

60 The soldiers made their way along the shallower parts, but many fell, and cries of misery were heard the whole length of the way.

61 "What are you howling for?" cried Cao Cao. "The number of your days is fixed by fate. Anyone who howls shall be put to death."

62 The remnant of the army, now divided into three, one to march slowly, a second to fill up the waterways and hollows, and a third to escort Cao Cao, gradually made its way over the precipitous road. When the going improved a little and the path was moderately level, Cao Cao turned to look at his following and saw he had barely three hundred soldiers. And these lacked clothing and armor and were tattered and disordered.

63 But he pressed on, and when the officers told him the horses were quite spent and must rest, he replied, "Press on to Jingzhou, and there we shall find repose."

64 So they pressed on. But they had gone only one or two miles when Cao Cao flourished his whip and broke once again into loud laughter.

65 "What is there to laugh at?" asked the officers.

66 "People say those two, Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang, are able and crafty. I do not see it. They are a couple of incapables. If an ambush had been placed here, we should all be prisoners."

67 Cao Cao had not finished this speech when the explosion of a bomb broke the silence, and a company of five hundred troops with swords in their hands appeared and barred the way. The leader was Guan Yu 관우, holding his green-dragon saber, bestriding the Red Hare. At this sight, the spirits of Cao Cao's soldiers left them, and they gazed into each others' faces in panic.

68 "Now we have but one course," said Cao Cao. "We must fight to the death!"

69 "How can we?" said the officers. "Though the leaders may have some strength left, the horses are spent."

70 Cheng Yu 정욱 said, "I have always heard that Guan Yu is haughty to the proud but kindly to the humble; he despises the strong, but is gentle with the weak. He discriminates between love and hate and is always righteous and true. You, O Prime Minister, have shown him kindness in the past. If you will remind him of that, we shall escape this evil."

71 Cao Cao agreed to try. He rode out to the front, bowed low and said, "General, I trust you have enjoyed good health."

72 "I had orders to await you, O Prime Minister," replied Guan Yu, bowing in return, "and I have been expecting you these many days."

73 "You see before you one Cao Cao---defeated and weak. I have reached a sad pass, and I trust you, O General, will not forget the kindness of former days."

74 "Though indeed you were kind to me in those days, yet I slew your enemies for you and relieved the siege of Baima 백마. As to the business of today, I cannot allow private feelings to outweigh public duty."

75 "Do you remember my six generals, slain at the five passes? The noble person values righteousness. You are well versed in the histories and must recall the action of Yu Gong 유공, the archer, when he released his master Zi Zhuo 자탁, for he determined not to use Zi Zhuo's teaching to kill Zi Zhuo."

76 Guan Yu was indeed a very mountain of goodness and could not forget the great kindness he had received at Cao Cao's hands, and the magnanimity Cao Cao had shown over the deeds at the five passes. He saw the desperate straits to which his benefactor was reduced, and tears were very near to the eyes of both. He could not press Cao Cao hard.

77 He pulled at the bridle of his steed and turned away saying to his followers, "Break up the formation!"

78 From this it was evident that his design was to release Cao Cao, who then went on with his officers. When Guan Yu turned to look back, they had all passed. He uttered a great shout, and Cao Cao's soldiers jumped off their horses and knelt on the ground crying for mercy. But he also had pity for them. Then Zhang Liao 장요, whom he knew well, came along and was allowed to go free also.

79
Cao Cao, his army lost, fled to the Huarong Valley; 
There in the throat of the gorge met he Guan Yu. 
Grateful was Guan Yu, and mindful of former kindness, 
Wherefore slipped he the bolt and freed the imprisoned dragon.



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