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Chapter 059-05 용호상박

　　眾將又請問曰：「丞相每聞賊加兵添眾，則有喜色，何也？」操曰：「關中邊遠，若群賊各依險阻，征之非一二年不可平復；今皆來聚一處，其眾雖多，人心不一，易於離間，一舉可滅，吾故喜也。」眾將拜曰：「丞相神謀，眾不及也！」操曰：「亦賴汝眾文武之力。」遂重賞諸軍，留夏侯淵屯兵長安。所得降兵，分撥各部。夏侯淵保舉馮翊，高陵人，姓張，名既，字德容，為京兆尹，與淵同守長安。操班師回都。獻帝排鑾駕出郭迎接；詔操贊拜不名，入朝不趨，劍履上殿，如漢相蕭何故事。自此威震中外。

　　這消息報入漢中，早驚動了漢寧太守張魯。原來張魯乃沛國，豐人。其祖張陵在西川，鵠鳴山中造作道書以惑人，人皆敬之。陵死之後，其子張衡行之。百姓但有學道者，助米五斗，世號『米賊』。張衡死，張魯行之。魯在漢中自號為『師君。』其來學道者，皆號為『鬼卒。』為首者號為『祭酒。』領眾多者號為『治頭大祭酒。』務以誠信為主，不許欺詐。如有病者，即設壇使病人居於靜室之中，自思己過，當面陳首，然後為之祈禱。主祈禱之事者，號為『監令祭酒。』祈禱之法，書病人姓名，說服罪之意，作文三通，名為『三官手書。』一通焚於山頂以奏天，一通埋於地以奏地，一通沉於水底以申水官。如此之後，但病痊可，將米五斗為謝。又蓋義舍，舍內飯米柴火肉食齊備，許過往人量食多少，自取而食。多取者受天誅。境內有犯法者，必恕三次；不改者，然後施刑。所在並無官長，盡屬祭酒所管。如此雄據漢中之地已三十年。國家以為地遠不能征伐，就命魯為鎮南中郎將領漢寧太守，通進貢而已。

　　當年聞操破西涼之眾，威震天下，乃聚眾商議曰：「西涼，馬騰遭戮，馬超新敗，曹操必將侵我漢中。我欲自稱漢寧王，督兵拒曹操，諸軍以為何如？」閻圃曰：「漢川之民，戶口十萬餘眾，財富糧足，四面險固；今馬超新敗，西涼之民，從子午谷奔入漢中者，不下數萬。愚意益州劉璋昏弱，不如先取西川四十一州為本，然後稱王末遲。」張魯大喜，遂與弟張衛商議起兵。早有細作報入川中。

　　卻說益州劉璋，字季玉，即劉焉之子，漢魯恭王之後，章帝元和中，徙封竟陵，支庶因居於此。後焉官至益州牧，興平元年患病疽而死。益州大守趙韙等，共保璋為益州牧。璋曾殺張魯母及弟，因此有讎。璋使龐羲為巴西太守，以拒張魯。

　　時龐羲探知張魯欲興兵取川，急報知劉璋。璋平生懦弱，聞得此信，心中大憂，急聚眾官商議。忽一人昂然而出曰：「主公放心，某雖不才，憑三寸不爛之舌，使張魯不敢正眼來覷西川。」正是：

只因蜀地謀臣進，
致引荊州豪傑來。
 
未知此人是誰，且看下文分解。


122 "But one thing more puzzled us," said the officers, "and we ask you to explain it. When you heard the enemy was reinforced, you seemed to grow happier. Why was that?"

123 "Because Tong Pass is distant from Xuchang. If the rebels had taken advantage of all defensible points and held them, they could not have been quelled in less than a couple of years. When they came on altogether, they made a multitude but they were not unanimous. They easily quarreled and, disunited, were easily overcome. So I had reason to rejoice that they came on altogether."

124 "Indeed no one can equal you in strategy," said his officers, bowing low before him.

125 "Still, remember that I rely on you," said Cao Cao.

126 Then he issued substantial rewards to the army and appointed Xiahou Yuan to the command at Changan. The soldiers who had surrendered were distributed among the various troops. Xiahou Yuan recommended Zhang Jia of Gaoling, as his aids.

127 So the army returned to Capital Xuchang where it was welcomed by the Emperor in state chariot. As a reward for his service, Cao Cao was given the court privileges of omitting his distinctive name when he was received in audience and of proceeding toward the court without assuming the appearance of frantic haste. Further he might go to court armed and booted, as did the Han Founding Minister Xiao He of old. Whence his prestige and importance waxed mightily.

128 The fame of these doings penetrated west into Hanzhong, and one of the first to be moved to indignation was Zhang Lu, Governor of Hanning. This Zhang Lu was a native of Pei. He was a grandson of Zhang Ling who retired to Mount Humming, in the East River Land, where he had composed a work on Daoism for the purpose of deluding the multitude.

129 Yet all the people respected Zhang Ling, and when he died his son, Zhang Heng, carried on his work, and taught the same doctrines. Disciples had to pay a fee in rice, five carts. The people of his day called him the Rice Thief.

130 After Zhang Heng passed away, his son Zhang Lu followed his step. Zhang Lu styled himself Master Superior, and his disciples were called Commonly Devil Soldiers. A headman was called Libationer, and those who made many converts were called Chief Libationers. Perfect sincerity was the ruling tenet of the cult, and no deceit was permitted. When anyone fell ill, an altar was set up and the invalid was taken into the Room of Silence where he could reflect upon his sins and confess openly. Then he was prayed for. The director of prayers was called Superintending Libationer.

131 When praying for a person, they wrote his name and his confession on a slip and made three copies thereof, called "The Writing of the Three Gods". One copy was burned on the mountain top as a means of informing Heaven; another was burned to inform Earth; and the third was sunk in water to tell the Controller of the Waters. If the sick person recovered, he paid as fee five carts of rice.

132 They had Public Houses of Charity wherein the poor found rice and flesh and means of cooking. Any wayfarer was allowed to take of these according to the measure of his appetite. Those who took in excess would invite punishment from on high. Offenses were pardoned thrice; afterwards offenders were punished. They had no officials but all were subject to the control of the Libationers.

133 This sort of cult had been spreading in Hanzhong for some thirty years and had escaped repression so far because of the remoteness of the region. All the Government did was to give Zhang Lu the title of General Who Guards the South and the post of Governor of Hanning and take means to secure from him a full quota of local tribute.

134 When the reports of Cao Cao's success against the west, and his prestige and influence, reached the Hanzhong people, Zhang Lu met with his counselors to discuss the matter.

135 Said Zhang Lu, "Ma Teng has died, and Ma Chao defeated, thus the northwest has fallen. Cao Cao's next ambition will be the southwest, and Hanzhong will be his first attack. I should act first by assuming the title of Prince of Hanzhong and superintending the defense."

136 In reply one Yan Pu said, "The army of this region counts one hundred thousand, and there are ample supplies of everything. East River Land is a natural stronghold with its mountains and rivers. Now Ma Chao's soldiers are newly defeated, and the fugitives from the Ziwu Valley are very numerous. We can add them to our army by several ten-thousands more. My advice is that as Liu Zhang of Yizhou is weak, we should take possession of the forty-one counties of West River Land, and then you may set up your sovereign as soon as you like."

137 This speech greatly pleased Zhang Lu, who then began to concert measures with his brother, Zhang Wei, to raise an army.

138 Stories of the movement reached Yizhou, whose Imperial Protector was Liu Zhang. A son of Liu Yan, a descendant from Prince Gong of the Imperial House. Prince Gong had been moved out to Jingling several generations ago, and the family had settled there. Later, Liu Yan became Imperial Protector of Yizhou, and when he died in due course in the first year of Prosperous Stability (AD 194), his son was recommended for the vacant Protectorship.

139 There was enmity between Liu Zhang and Zhang Lu, for Liu Zhang had put to death Zhang Lu's mother and brother. After that Liu Zhang dispatched Pang Xi as Governor of Baxi to ward off Zhang Lu.

140 But Liu Zhang had always been feeble, and when he received news from his commander of Zhang Lu's movements, his heart sank within him for fear, and he hastily called in his advisers.

141 At the council one haughtily said, "My Master, be not alarmed. I am no genius, but I have a bit of a healthy tongue, and with that I will make Zhang Lu afraid even to look this way."

142 When plots did grow about the west, 
It suited Jingzhou's plans the best.

143 The speaker's name and lineage will be told in the next chapter.

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