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Chapter 065-05 가맹관 싸움

  玄德入成都,百姓香花燈燭,迎門而接。玄德到公廳,陞堂坐定。郡內諸官,皆拜於堂下;惟黃權,劉巴,閉門不出。眾將忿怒,欲往殺之。玄德慌忙傳令曰;「如有害此二人者,滅其三族!」玄德親自登門,請二人出任。二人感玄德恩禮,乃出。孔明請曰:「今西川平定,難容二主;可將劉璋送去荊州。」玄德曰:「吾方得蜀郡,未可令季玉遠去。」孔明曰:「劉璋失基業者,皆因太弱也。主公若以婦人之仁,臨事不決,恐此土難以長久。」

  玄德從之,設一大宴,請劉璋收拾財物,佩領振威將軍印綬,將妻子良賤,盡赴南郡公安住歇,即日起行。玄德自領益州牧,其所降文武,盡皆重賞,定擬名爵。嚴顏為前將軍,法正為蜀郡太守,董和為掌軍中郎將,許靖為左將軍長史,龐義為營中司馬,劉巴為左將軍,黃權為右將軍。其餘吳懿,費觀,彭羕,卓膺,李嚴,吳蘭,雷同,李恢,張翼,秦宓,譙周,呂義,霍峻,鄧芝,楊洪,周群,費褘,費詩,孟達,……文武投降官員,共六十餘人,並皆擢用。諸葛亮軍師,關雲長為盪寇將軍漢壽亭侯,張飛為征遠將軍新亭侯,趙雲為鎮遠將軍,黃忠為征西將軍,魏延為揚武將軍,馬超為平西將軍。孫乾,簡雍,糜竺、糜芳,劉封,關平,周倉,廖化,馬良,馬謖,蔣琬,伊籍,及舊日荊襄一班文武官員,盡皆陞賞。遣使齎黃金五百斤,白銀一千斤,錢五千萬,蜀錦一千疋,賜與雲長。其餘官將,給賜有差。殺牛宰馬,大餉士卒,開倉賑濟百姓,軍民大悅。 

  益州既定,玄德欲將成都有名田宅,分賜諸官。趙雲諫曰:「益州人民,屢遭兵火,田宅皆空;今當歸還百姓,令安居復業,民心方定;不宜奪之為私賞也。」

  玄德大喜,從其言,使諸葛軍師定擬治國條例。刑法頗重。法正曰;「昔高袓約法三章,黎民皆感其德。願軍師寬刑省法,以慰民望。」孔明曰:「君知其一,未知其二。秦用法暴虐,萬民皆怨,故高袓以寬仁得之。今劉璋闇弱,德政不舉,威刑不肅;君臣之道,漸以陵替。寵之以位,位極則殘;順之以恩,恩竭則慢。所以致弊,實由於此。吾今威之以法,法行則知恩;限之以爵,爵加則知榮。恩榮並濟,上下有節。為治之道,於斯著矣。」

  法正拜服。自此軍民安靖。四十一州地面,分兵鎮撫,並皆平定。法正為蜀郡太守,凡平日一餐之德,睚眦之怨,無不報復。或告孔明曰;「孝直太橫,宜稍斥之。」孔明曰:「昔主公困守荊州,北畏曹操,東憚孫權,賴孝直為之輔翼,遂翻然翱翔,不可復制。今奈何禁止孝直,使不得少行其意耶?」因竟不問。法正聞之,亦自斂戢。

  一日,玄德正與孔明閒敘,忽報雲長遣關平來謝所賜金帛。玄德召入。平拜罷,呈上書信曰:「父親知馬超武藝過人,要入川來與之比試高低,教就稟伯父此事。」玄德大驚曰;「若雲長入蜀,與孟起比試,勢不兩立。」孔明曰;「無妨,亮自作書回之。」玄德只恐雲長性急,便教孔明寫了書,發付關平星夜回荊州。平回至荊州,雲長問曰:「我欲與馬孟起比試,汝曾說否?」平答曰:「軍師有書在此。」雲長拆開視之。其書曰:「亮聞將軍欲與孟起分別高下。以亮度之,孟起雖雄烈過人,不過黥布,彭越之徒耳;當與翼德並驅爭先,猶末及美髯公之絕倫超群也。今公受任荊州,不為不重;倘一入川,若荊州有失,罪莫大焉。惟冀明照。」

  雲長看畢,自綽其髯笑曰:「孔明知我心也。」將書遍示賓客,遂無入川之意。

  卻說東吳,孫權,知玄德併吞西川,將劉璋逐於公安,遂召張昭,顧雍商議曰:「當劉備借我荊州時,說取了西川,便還荊州。今已得巴,蜀四十一州,須用取索漢上諸郡。如其不還,即動干戈。」張昭曰:「吳中方寧,不可動兵。昭有一計,使劉備將荊州雙手奉還主公。」正是:

西蜀方開新日月,
東吳又索舊山川。

未知其計如何,且看下文分解。



132 They entered the camp together, where the seal of office and the documents changed hands. Afterwards they rode into the city side by side. The people gave Liu Bei a cordial welcome, burning incense and illuminating the city. The victor went to the residence of the chief of the region, where he took his seat and was saluted by all the subordinate officials.

133 However, Huang Quan and Liu Ba stayed away from the ceremony. This annoyed the more violent of Liu Bei's supporters, and they wished to kill the delinquents. But Liu Bei would not allow violence and threatened condign punishment to anyone who might interfere with these two. When the reception was over, Liu Bei went to visit the two recalcitrants, whereupon both came out and made their obeisance.

134 Said Zhuge Liang to Liu Bei, "We have vanquished, and all opposition in Yizhou is at an end. But there cannot be two rulers, so you must remove Liu Zhang to Jingzhou."

135 "But I do not wish to exile him," said Liu Bei.

136 "He lost his prestige through weakness. If you are weak and undecided, you also will not last long."

137 Liu Bei saw his advice was good, and so he gave a great banquet whereat he begged Liu Zhang to pack up his treasures and prepare to move. He gave the dispossessed Imperial Protector the title General Who Spreads Prestige. Liu Zhang went away to Gongan in Jingzhou, taking with him his family and all his possessions.

138 Liu Bei thus became Imperial Protector of Yizhou. He conferred gifts on the civil and military officers who joined him, confirming their ranks and titles. Yan Yan was made General of the Front Army; Fa Zheng, Governor of the Shu District; Dong He and Xu Jing, Imperial Commanders; Liu Ba, General of the Left Army; Huang Quan, General of the Right Army; Wu Yi, Fei Guan, Peng Yang, Zhuo Ying, Li Yan, Wu Lan, Lei Tong, Li Hui, Zhang Yi, Qin Mi, Qiao Zhou, Lu Yin, Huo Jun, Deng Zhi, Yang Hong, Zhou Qun, Fei Yi, Fei Shi, Meng Da, and others of Shu officers whose aid had been conspicuous were given high ranks and finer titles under the new rule, and the total of more than sixty of them were well rewarded.

139 Naturally, honors were distributed freely to Liu Bei's immediate helpers, to whose efforts he owed his position. Zhuge Liang was held Directing Instructor; Guan Yu, General Who Destroys Rebels and Lord of Hanshou; Zhang Fei, General Who Subdues Rebels and Lord of Xin; Zhao Zilong, General Who Guards the West; Huang Zhong, General Who Conquers the West; Wei Yan, General Who Wages Successful War; Ma Chao, General Who Pacifies the West. Sun Qian, Jian Yong, Mi Zhu, Mi Fang, Ma Liang, Ma Su, Jiang Wan, Yi Ji, Liu Feng, Guan Ping, Liao Hua, Zhou Cang, and others, many of whom had come to Liu Bei from Jingzhou, received promotions and rewards.

140 In addition, a special gift of five hundred ounces of gold, a thousand ounces of silver, much copper money, and a thousand rolls of Xichuan silk, was sent to Guan Yu. And all the military and civil officers were given appointments and rewards. Huge numbers of oxen and horses were slaughtered for banquets to the army, and the contents of the granaries were given to the common people. So that there were great rejoicings.

141 Yizhou being settled, Liu Bei next desired to confiscate the lands of the more famous of the inhabitants about Capital Chengdu and divide them among his officers.

142 But here Zhao Zilong and others dissuaded him, saying, "The sufferings of the people have been severe and losses great. It would be wise policy to let them settle down to their occupations as soon as possible. It would be wrong to reward our own people at the expense of these people."

143 Liu Bei listened and gave in with good grace.

144 To Zhuge Liang, Liu Bei assigned the revision of the laws, in which the punishments to be made, on the whole, heavy.

145 Then Fa Zheng spoke up, "The founder of Han, Liu Bang, drew up three chapters of law, and the people were all profoundly affected by his virtue. I would rather that the laws be few and liberal that people may be comforted."

146 Zhuge Liang replied, "You only look at one side. The laws of Qin were fiercely cruel and provoked resentment among the people. It was fitting that the Supreme Ancestor should temper them with kindness. Under the weak administration of Liu Zhang, there has never been an efficient government, and there is a lack of respect for the law. The proper relationship between ruler and minister has been gradually obscured. Favor has been the means of rising, and the highest in rank have been the basest. Kindness has been extended into license, and the most benefited have been the most contemptuous. And thereby have crept in many evils. Now I mean to inculcate respect for the dignity of the law, and kindness shall follow its attainment: There shall be moderation in conferring rank, but honor shall really follow on such promotion. In the mutual cooperation of kindness and honor and in proper distinction between superiors and inferiors lies the efficiency of a government."

147 Fa Zheng had no argument to oppose. In due time all became perfectly tranquil, and all the forty-one counties, with their respective garrisons, were peaceful and contented.

148 As Governor of the Shu District, Fa Zheng earned much hatred, busying himself in returning favors and avenging past deeds however small they were. One person told of the complaints to Zhuge Liang, urging his reproof.

149 But Zhuge Liang referred to his meritorious services, saying, "When our lord was in Jingzhou, fearful of Cao Cao on the north and trembling lest he be attacked from the east by Sun Quan, it was Fa Zheng who supported him, gave him directions, and added wings to him so that he could soar this high. In these prosperous days one can hardly begin to discipline Fa Zheng. Could we reasonably forbid him following somewhat his own way?"

150 So no investigation was made, but Fa Zheng heard of the complaints and corrected his faults.

151 One day, when Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang were resting and at leisure, Guan Ping arrived with a letter from his father, thanking his elder brother for the handsome gifts.

152 Making obeisance and handing in his letter, Guan Ping said, "My father was anxious to come into Yizhou to try conclusions with Ma Chao."

153 Said Liu Bei, "If he were to come and fight, I fear they would not both survive."

154 "There is nothing to be anxious about," said Zhuge Liang. "I will write to Guan Yu."

155 Liu Bei feared that his brother's impulsive temperament might lead to trouble, so he told Zhuge Liang to compose a letter and send back by Guan Ping.

156 When Guan Ping came again to his father, the first question was: "Did you mention the contest with Ma Chao?"

157 Then the letter was produced, and this is what it said:

158 "I hear you are anxious to decide whether of the twain, Ma Chao or yourself, is the better man. Now I can measure Ma Chao. He may be unusually brave and bold, but he is only of the class of Ying Bu and Peng Yue of old. He might be a worthy rival of your younger brother, but he is far from the standard set by you, O Lord of the Beautiful Beard. You have a most important charge. If you come into the West River Land, and Jingzhou should be lost, would you not be guilty of a terrible failure? I think you will see this."

159 Guan Yu stroked his long beard and smiled as he read the letter.

160 "The Instructor knows me thoroughly," said he to himself.

161 He showed the letter to his clients and friends and thought no more of going westward.

162 The successes of Liu Bei in the west had been duly noted by Sun Quan, who thought he was surely now going to obtain the much-coveted Jingzhou. So he called in Zhang Zhao and Gu Yong to ask advice.

163 Sun Quan said, "When Liu Bei occupied Jingzhou temporarily, he pledged he would return the region to the South Land when he would possess Yizhou. Now he has taken the forty-one counties of West River Land. If Jingzhou is not returned, I will take it by force."

164 Zhang Zhao said, "I have already a scheme that will need no fighting. Liu Bei will offer the place to you with both hands."

165 In Shu there shine new sun and moon, 
Wu dreams Jingzhou will be his soon.

166 We shall see in the next chapter the scheme to recover the much-desired region.



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