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Chapter 067-03 한중 평정

  次日,曹兵攻城,龐德引兵衝出。操令許褚交戰。褚詐敗,龐德趕來。操自乘馬於山坡上喚曰:「龐令名何不早降﹖」龐德尋思:「拏住曹操,抵一千員上將!」遂飛馬上坡。一聲喊起,天崩地塌,連人和馬,跌入陷坑去;四壁鉤索一齊上前,活捉了龐德,押上坡來。曹操下馬,叱退軍士,親釋其縳,問龐德肯降否。龐德尋思張魯不仁,情願拜降。曹操親扶上馬,共回大寨,故意教城上望見。人報張魯,德與操並馬而行。魯益信楊松之言為實。

  次日,曹操三面豎立雲梯,飛砲攻打。張魯見其勢已極,與弟張衛商議。衛曰:「放火盡燒倉廩府庫,出奔南山去守巴中可也。」楊松曰:「不如開門投降。」張魯猶豫未定。衛曰:「只是燒了便行。」張魯曰:「我向本欲歸命國家,而意未得達;今不得已而出奔,倉廩府庫,國家之有,不可廢也。」遂盡封鎖。

  是夜二更,張魯引全家老小,開南門殺出。曹操教休追趕,提兵入南鄭;見魯封閉庫藏,心甚憐之,遂差人往巴中,勸使投降。張魯欲降,張衛不肯。楊松以密書報操,便教進兵,松為內應。操得書,親自引兵往巴中。張魯使弟衛領兵出敵,與許褚交鋒;被褚斬於馬下。敗軍回報張魯,魯欲堅守。楊松曰:「今若不出,坐以待斃矣。某守城,主公當親與決一死戰。」

  魯從之。閻圃諫魯休出。魯不聽,遂引軍出迎。未及交鋒,後軍已走。張魯急退,背後曹兵趕來。魯到城下,楊松閉門不納。張魯無路可走,操從後追至,大叫:「何不早降!」魯乃下馬投拜。操大喜;念其封倉庫之心,優禮相待,封魯為鎮南將軍。閻圃等皆封列侯。於是漢中皆平。曹操傳令各郡分設太守,置都尉,大賞士卒。惟有楊松賣主求榮,即命斬之於市曹示眾。後人有詩歎曰:

妨賢賣主逞奇功,
積得金銀總是空。
家未榮華身受戮,
令人千載笑楊松。

  曹操已得東川。主簿司馬懿進曰:「劉備以詐力取劉璋、蜀人尚未歸心。今主公已得漢中,益州震動。可速進兵攻之,勢必瓦解。知者貴於乘時,時不可失也。」曹操歎曰:「人苦不知足,既得隴,復望蜀耶﹖」劉曄曰:「司馬仲達之言是也。若少遲緩,諸葛亮明於治國而為相,關張等勇冠三軍而為將,蜀民既定,據守關隘,不可犯矣。」操曰:「士卒遠涉勞苦,且宜存恤。」遂按兵不動。

  卻說西川百姓,聽知曹操已取東川,料必來取西川,一日之間,數遍驚恐。玄德請軍師商議。孔明曰:「亮有一計,曹操自退。」玄德問何計。孔明曰:「曹操分軍屯合淝,懼孫權也。今我若分江夏,長沙,桂陽三郡還吳,遣舌辯之士,陳說利害,令吳起兵襲合淝,牽動其勢,操必勒兵南向矣。」玄德問:「誰可為使﹖」伊籍曰:「某願往。」玄德大喜,遂作書具禮,令伊籍先到荊州,知會雲長,然後入吳。到秣稜,來見孫權,先通了姓名。權召籍入。籍見權禮畢,權問曰:「汝到此何為﹖」籍曰:「昨承諸葛子瑜取長沙等三郡,為軍師不在,有失交割,今傳書送還。所有荊州,南郡零陵,本欲送還;被曹操襲取東川,使關將軍無容身之地。今合淝空虛,望君侯起兵攻之,使曹操撤兵回南。吾主若取了東川,即還荊州全土。」權曰:「汝且歸館舍,容吾商議。」


57 The next day Cao Cao attacked, and Pang De went out to repel him. Cao Cao sent out Xu Chu, but bade him pretend defeat. When Pang De pursued, Cao Cao rode toward the hills, where he halted and presently got speech with Pang De.

58 Cao Cao called out, "Pang De! Why not surrender?"

59 But Pang De thought within himself that to capture Cao Cao would be a fine exploit, so he boldly faced his escort and rode up the hills. But there arose a great shouting as if heaven and earth were clashing together, and he and his followers went headlong into ditches and pits that had been dug. Out flew Cao Cao's troops with ropes and hooks, and Pang De was a prisoner.

60 When he was taken to Cao Cao, he was received with the greatest kindness. Cao Cao himself dismounted, loosed the captive's bonds, and asked him, "Do you surrender?"

61 Pang De thought of the ill-treatment he had just received at the hands of his master and of his injustice, and gave in. At once Pang De was helped to mount a horse by Cao Cao himself and led to the great camp.

62 Soldiers placed for the purpose on the city wall saw what happened and reported to Zhang Lu: "Pang De has ridden off on friendly terms with Cao Cao."

63 Whereby Zhang Lu was persuaded that Yang Song had spoken truly.

64 Soon after, scaling ladders were set against the city walls, and catapults threw in great stones.

65 The danger being imminent, Zhang Wei counseled, saying, "Set all supplies on fire and flight to the Southern Mountains, where we might be able to defend Bazhong."

66 On the other hand, Yang Song said, "The best course is to throw open the gates and surrender."

67 Zhang Lu could not decide which to do. His brother, Zhang Wei, maintained that burning everything and flight was the only course.

68 Zhang Lu said, "I have been always loyal at heart and desired to return to allegiance when circumstances would permit. I have been unable to attain my desire, but now fight seems the only course open to me. However, the granaries and treasures, the public offices, and the government property of all kinds must be kept safe."

69 So the public buildings were all carefully barred and sealed. The same night, in the late evening, Zhang Lu and his family went out through the south gate and found their way through. Cao Cao let them go unpursued. When Cao Cao entered the city and saw the proofs of Zhang Lu's care of the government property, he compassionated the Governor's misfortunes. He then sent a messenger into Bazhong to induce Zhang Lu to surrender. Zhang Lu was disposed to do so, but his brother would not hear of it. Yang Song wrote a secret letter to Cao Cao urging him to attack and promising treacherous aid.

70 Cao Cao presently attacked, and Zhang Wei came out to meet him. But his opponent was the mighty Xu Chu, who made short work of him. The beaten soldiers fled back into the city, which Zhang Lu then decided to defend.

71 As this would not give Yang Song the chance to carry out his treacherous scheme, he persuaded his master, saying, "If we stay passive, death will surely come. My lord should go out and fight the enemy to the conclusion, leaving me to defend the city."

72 Zhang Lu took this advice, although it was opposed by Yan Pu, and went out. But before his van got near the enemy, his rear ranks began to desert, and Zhang Lu retreated. Cao Cao pursued him to the city walls, where Zhang Lu found the gates shut against him.

73 "Surrender, O Zhang Lu!" cried Cao Cao.

74 There being now no way open, Zhang Lu dismounted, prostrated himself, and gave in. Because of this and his care of the public property, Cao Cao treated him with great kindness and consoled him with the title of General Who Guards the South. Yan Pu and many others also were enrolled among the nobles. To each county was appointed a Military Commander, in addition to the Governor. All the soldiers were feasted and rewarded.

75 Then Yang Song, who had sold his master, came and sued for honors. He was condemned to public execution and exposure.

76 Selling one's lord may make great service, 
But the gains thereof are vanity; 
No glory clings to his house but a shameful death, 
Wherefore Yang Song is an object of contempt forever.

77 When the East River Land was quite subdued, First Secretary Sima Yi said, "The people of Shu are not loyal to Liu Bei because of his uprooting the late ruler, Liu Zhang. If on the strength of your present success you press forward, Liu Bei will become as a shattered tile. The wise person takes the occasion when it serves, and this should not be missed."

78 Cao Cao sighed, "There is no end---as human want has no limit: Now that I have Hanzhong, I am forced into taking Yizhou."

79 Liu Ye supported his colleague, saying, "Sima Yi spoke well. If you delay, Zhuge Liang will have become top minister, while Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and the other bold warriors will be at the head of the army. If the people of Shu once settle down, and the points of vantage are held, you will not be able to overcome them."

80 Cao Cao replied, "My soldiers have marched far and suffered much. Beside we must show pity."

81 Wherefore he rested his army for a time.

82 Meanwhile the populace of Yizhou, having heard of Cao Cao's success in the East River Land, concluded that the West River Land would suffer next, and fear spread among them. Whereupon Liu Bei called in the Directing Instructor and asked his advice.

83 Zhuge Liang replied, "I can make Cao Cao retreat of his own accord."

84 "What is that plan?"

85 "A part of Cao Cao's army is camped at Hefei because of the fear of Sun Quan. If now we restore three territories of Jingzhou---Changsha, Jiangxia, and Guiyang---, and send a specious person to talk, we can make Sun Quan attack Hefei, which will lead to Cao Cao going southward and not looking to the west."

86 "Who is a fit person for the messenger?" said Liu Bei.

87 And Yi Ji replied, "I will go."

88 Liu Bei, well-satisfied, wrote letters and prepared gifts, with which Yi Ji went, calling in at Jingzhou City on the way to tell Guan Yu. Then he went on to the capital city of Jianye and saw Sun Quan.

89 After the greetings, Sun Quan asked, "On what business do you come?"

90 Yi Ji replied, "On a former occasion Zhuge Jin would have had the three territories of Changsha, Lingling, and Guiyang, but for the absence of the Directing Instructor, which prevented the actual transfer. Now I am the bearer of letters giving Changsha, Guiyang, and Jiangxia back to you. Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang wanted to restore all the territories of Jingzhou, including those of Xiangyang, Nanjun, and Lingling. But now that Cao Cao has got possession of East River Land, there is no place for General Guan Yu. Hefei is weak, and we hope you will attack it so as to make Cao Cao withdraw to the south and let my master take the East River Land, when he will restore the whole of the Jingzhou Region."

91 "Go back to the guest-house, and let me take counsel in this matter," said Sun Quan.




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