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Chapter 101-01 두번째 퇴군

    第百零一回 出隴上諸葛妝神  奔劍閣張郃中計

Going Out From Longshang, Zhuge Liang Dresses As A God;
Dashing Toward Saber Pass, Zhang He Falls Into A Snare.

  卻說孔明用減兵添灶之法,退兵到漢中;司馬懿恐有埋伏,不敢追趕,亦收兵回長安去了;因此罷兵不曾折了一人。孔明大賞三軍已畢,回到成都,入見後主,奏曰:「老臣出了祁山,欲取長安,承陛下降詔召回,不知有何大事?」後主無言可對;良久乃曰:「朕久不見丞相之面,心甚思慕,故特詔同,別無他事。」孔明曰:「此非陛下本心,必有奸臣讒言,言臣有異志也。」後主聞言,默然無語。孔明曰:「老臣受先帝厚恩,誓以死報。今若內有奸邪,臣何能討賊乎?」後主曰:「朕因過聽宦官之言,一時召丞臣相。今日茅塞方開,悔之不及矣。」孔明遂喚眾宦官究問,方知是茍安流言;急令人補之,已投魏國去了。孔明將妄奏的宦官誅戮,餘皆廢出宮外;又深責蔣琬、費禕等不能覺察奸邪,規諫天子。二人唯唯服罪。

  孔明拜辭後主,復到漢中,一面發檄令李嚴應付糧草,仍運赴軍前;一面再議出師。楊儀曰:「前數興兵,軍力疲敝,糧又不繼;今不如分兵兩班,以三個月為期;且如二十萬之眾,只領十萬出祁山,住了三個月,卻教這十萬替回,循環相轉,使兵力不乏。然後徐徐而進,中原可圖矣。」孔明曰:「此言正合我意。吾伐中原,非一朝一夕之事,正當為此長久之計。」遂下令,分兵兩班,限一百日為期,循環相轉,違限者按軍法處治。

  建興九年春二月,孔明復出師伐魏。時魏太和五年也。魏主曹叡知孔明又伐中原,急召司馬懿商議。懿曰:「今子丹已亡,臣願竭一人之力,剿除寇賊,以報陛下。」汝大喜,設宴待之。次日,人報蜀兵寇急。叡即命司馬懿出師禦敵,親排鑾駕送出城外。懿辭了魏主,逕到長安,大會諸路人馬,計議破蜀兵之策。張郃曰:「吾願引一軍去守雍、郿,以拒蜀兵。」懿曰:「郃前軍不能獨當孔明之眾,而又分兵為前後,非勝算也。不如留兵守上邽,餘眾悉往祁山。公肯為先鋒否?」郃大喜曰:「吾素懷忠義,欲盡心報國,惜未遇知己;今都督肯委重任,雖萬死不辭。」

  於是司馬懿令張郃為先鋒,總督大軍;又令郭淮守隴西諸郡。其餘眾將各分道而進。前軍哨馬報說:「孔明率大軍望祁山進發,前部先鋒王平、張嶷,逕出陳倉,過劍閣,由散關望斜谷而來。」司馬懿謂張郃曰:「今孔明長驅大進,必將割隴西小麥,以資軍糧。汝可結營祁山,吾與郭淮巡略天水諸郡,以防賊兵割麥。」郃領諾,遂領四萬兵守祁山。懿引大軍望隴西而去。


1 By means of the artifice just described, Zhuge Liang withdrew his army safely into Hanzhong, while Sima Yi retreated upon Changan. Zhuge Liang distributed the rewards for success and then went to Capital Chengdu for audience.

2 "Your Majesty recalled me just as I was about to advance upon Changan. What is the important matter?" said the Prime Minister.

3 For a long time the Latter Ruler made no reply.

4 Presently he said, "I longed to see your face once more, that is the only reason."

5 Zhuge Liang replied, "I think my recall was not on your own initiative. Some slanderous persons has hinted that I cherished ulterior objects."

6 The Latter Ruler, who indeed felt guilty and ill at ease, made no reply.

7 Zhuge Liang continued, "Your late father laid me under an obligation which I am pledged to fulfill to the death. But if vile influences are permitted to work at home, how can I destroy the rebels without?"

8 "The fact is I recalled you because of the talk of the eunuchs. But I understand now and am unutterably sorry," said the Latter Ruler.

9 Zhuge Liang interrogated the eunuchs and thus found out the base rumors that had been spread abroad by Gou An. He sent to arrest this man, but Gou An had already fled and gone over to Wei. The eunuchs who had influenced the Emperor were put to death, and all the other eunuchs who were involved were expelled from the Palace.

10 The Prime Minister also upbraided Jiang Wan and Fei Yi for not having looked into the matter and set the Son of God right. The two Ministers bowed their heads and admitted their fault.

11 Zhuge Liang then took leave of the Latter Ruler and returned to the army. He wrote to Li Yan to see to the necessary supplies and began preparations for a new expedition.

12 Yang Yi said, "The soldiers are wearied by the many expeditions, and the supplies are not regular. I think a better plan would be to send half the army to Qishan for three months, and at the end of that time exchange them for the other half, and so on alternately. For example, if you have two hundred thousand troops, let one hundred thousand go into the field and one hundred thousand remain. In this way, using ten legions and ten legions, their energies will be conserved and you can gradually work toward the Middle Land."

13 "I agree with you," said Zhuge Liang. "Our attack is not a matter to be achieved in haste. The suggestion for an extended campaign is excellent!"

14 Wherefore the army was divided, and each half went out for one hundred days' service at a time, when it was relieved by the other half. Full penalties were provided for any laxity and failure to maintain the periods of active service.

15 In the spring of the ninth year of Beginning Prosperity, the Shu army once more took the field against Wei. In Wei it was the fifth year of Calm Peace (AD 231).

16 When the Ruler of Wei heard of this new expedition, he called Sima Yi and asked his advice.

17 "Now that my friend Cao Zhen is no more, I am willing to do all that one man can to destroy the rebels against Your Majesty's authority," said Sima Yi.

18 Cao Rui was gratified by this ready offer, and honored Sima Yi with a banquet. Next day an edict was issued for the army to move. The Ruler of Wei, riding in his state chariot, escorted Sima Yi out of the city, and, after the farewells, Sima Yi took the road to Changan, where the force was gathering. There was assembled a council of war.

19 Zhang He offered his services, saying, "I volunteer to guard Yongcheng and Meicheng against the Shu army."

20 But Sima Yi said, "Our vanguard army is not strong enough to face the enemy's whole force. Moreover, to divide an army is not generally a successful scheme. The better plan will be to leave a guard in Shanggui and send all the others to Qishan. Will you undertake the Leadership of the Van?"

21 Zhang He consented, saying, "I have always been most loyal and will devote my energies entirely to the service of the state. So far I have not had an adequate opportunity to prove my sincerity. But now that you confer upon me a post of such responsibility, I can only say that no sacrifice can be too great for me, and I will do my utmost."

22 So Zhang He was appointed Van Leader, and then Guo Huai was set over the defense of the counties of West Valley Land. Other generals were distributed to other posts, and the march began toward Qishan.

23 The spies reported: "The main force of Shu is directed toward Qishan, and the Leaders of the Van are Wang Ping and Zhang Ni. The route chosen for their march is from Chencang across San Pass and to the Xie Valley."

24 Hearing this, Sima Yi said to Zhang He, "Zhuge Liang is advancing in great force and certainly intends to reap the wheat in West Valley Land for his supply. You get sufficient troops to hold Qishan, while Guo Huai and I go to Tianshui and foil the enemy's plan to gather the wheat."

25 So Zhang He took forty thousand troops to hold Qishan, and Sima Yi set out westwards to the West Valley Land.




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