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Chapter 097-01 후출사표

    第九十七回 討魏國武侯再上表 破曹兵姜維詐獻書 

Sending A Second Memorial, Zhuge Liang Renews The Attack On Wei;
Forging A Letter, Jiang Wei Defeats The Northern Army.

　　卻說蜀漢建興六年秋九月，魏都督曹休被東吳陸遜大破於石亭，車仗馬匹，軍資器械，並皆罄盡。休惶恐之甚，氣憂成病，到洛陽，疸發背而死，魏主曹叡敕令厚葬。司馬懿引兵還。眾將接入問曰：「曹都督兵敗，即元帥之干係，何故急回耶？」懿曰：「吾料諸葛亮知吾兵敗，必乘虛來取長安。倘隴西緊急，何人救之？吾故回耳。」眾皆以為懼怯，曬笑而退。卻說東吳遣使致書蜀中，請兵伐魏，並言大破曹休之事；一者顯自己威風，二者通和會之好。後主大喜，令人持書至漢中，報知孔明。時孔明兵強馬壯，糧草豐足，所用之物，一切完備，正要出師；聽知此信，即設宴大會諸將，計議出師。忽一陣大風，自東北角上而起，把庭前松樹吹折，眾皆大驚。孔明就佔一課，曰：「此風主損一大將！」諸將未信。正飲酒間，忽報鎮南將軍趙雲長子趙統、次子趙廣來見。孔明大驚，擲杯於地曰：「子龍休矣！」二子入見，拜哭曰：「某父昨夜三更病重而死。」孔明跌足而哭曰：「子龍身故，國家損一棟樑，去吾一臂也！」眾將無不揮淚。孔明令二子入成都面君報喪。後主聞雲死，放聲大哭曰：「朕昔年幼，非子龍則死於亂軍之中矣！」即下詔追贈大將軍，諡順平侯，敕葬於成都錦屏山之東；建立廟堂，四時享祭。後人有詩曰：

常山有虎將，智勇匹關、張。
漢水功勳在，當陽姓字彰。
兩番扶幼主，一念答先皇。
清史書忠烈，應流百世芳。

　　卻說後主思念趙雲昔日之功，祭葬甚厚，封趙統為虎賁中郎將，趙廣為牙門將，就令守墳，二人辭謝而去。忽近臣奏曰：諸葛丞相將軍馬分撥已，定即日將出師伐。魏後主問在朝諸，臣諸臣多言未可輕動。後主疑慮未決。忽奏丞相令楊儀齎「出師表」至。後主宣入，儀呈上表章。後主就御案上拆開視之。其表曰：

先帝慮漢賊不兩立，王業不偏安，故託臣以討賊也。以先帝之明，量臣之才，故知臣伐賊，才弱敵強也。然不伐賊，王業亦亡。惟坐而待亡，孰與伐之，是以託臣而弗疑也。
臣受命之日，寢不安席，食不甘味。思惟北征，宜先入南；故五月渡瀘，深入不毛，並日而食，臣非不自惜也。顧王業不可偏安於蜀都，故冒危難以奉先帝之遺意，而議者謂為非計。今賊適疲於西，又務於東，兵法乘勞，此進趨之時也。謹陳其事如左：高帝明並日月，謀臣淵深，然涉險被創，危然後安；今陛下未及高帝，謀臣不如良、平，而欲以長策取勝，坐定天下：此臣之未解一也。
劉繇、王朗各據州。臣論安言計，動引聖人，群疑滿腹，眾難塞胸；今歲不戰，明年不征，使孫權坐大，遂併江東：此臣之未解二也。
曹操智計，殊絕於人，其用兵也，彷彿孫吳；然困於南陽，險於烏巢，危於祁連，逼於黎陽，幾敗北山，殆死潼關，然後偽定一時耳。況臣才弱，而欲以不危而定之，此臣之未解三也。
曹操五攻昌霸不下，四越巢湖不成。任用李服，而李服圖之；委任夏侯，而夏侯敗亡。先帝每稱操為能，猶有此失，況臣駑下，何能必勝？此臣之未解四也。
自臣到漢中，中間期年耳。然喪趙雲、陽群、馬玉、閻芝、丁立、白壽、劉郃、鄧銅等，及曲長屯將七十餘人。突將無前，賓叟青姜，散騎武騎一千餘人。此皆數十年之內，所糾合四方之精銳，非一州之所有。若復數年，則損三分之二也。當何以圖敵？此臣之未解五也。
今民窮兵疲，而事不可息；事不可息，則住與行，勞費正等；而不及早圖之，欲以一州之地，與賊持久：此臣之未解六也。
夫難平者，事也。昔先帝敗軍於楚，當此之時，曹操拊手，謂天下已定。然後先帝東連吳越，西取巴蜀，舉兵北征，夏侯授首。此操之失計，而漢事將成也。然後吳更違盟，關羽毀敗，秭歸蹉跌，曹丕稱帝。凡事如是，難可逆料。臣鞠躬盡瘁，死而後已，至於成敗利鈍，非臣之明所能逆竟睹（左者右見）也。
　　後主覽表甚喜，即敕令孔明出師。孔明受命，起三十萬大兵，令魏延總督前部先鋒，逕奔陳倉道口而來。


1 It was in the autumn of the sixth year of Beginning Prosperity (AD 229) that the Wei army was defeated, with very great loss, by Lu Xun of Wu. Cao Xiu's mortification brought on an illness from which he died in Luoyang. By command of Cao Rui, the Ruler of Wei, Cao Xiu received most honorable burial.

2 Then Sima Yi brought the army home again.

3 The other officers went to welcome him and asked, "The defeat of Commander Cao Xiu is also partly yours. Why, O General, did you hurry home?"

4 Sima Yi replied, "I came for reasons of strategy, because of Zhuge Liang's probable intentions. If he knows I have suffered a defeat, he may try to attack Changan. The whole West Valley Land would be helpless if I did not return."

5 They listened and smiled, for they thought he was afraid.

6 Letters from Wu came to Shu proposing a joint attack on Wei and detailing their recent victory. In these letters two feelings were gratified---that of telling the story of their own grandeur and prowess, and that of furthering the design of a treaty of peace. The Latter Ruler was pleased and sent the letters to Zhuge Liang in Hanzhong.

7 At that time the army was in excellent state, the soldiers hardy, the horses strong. There were plentiful supplies of all kinds. Zhuge Liang was just going to propose a new war.

8 On receipt of the letter he made a great banquet to discuss an expedition. A severe gale came on from the northeast and brought down a fir tree in front of the general's shelter. It was an inauspicious omen to all the officers, and they were troubled.

9 Zhuge Liang cast lots to know what portent was intended, and announced, "That gale signals the loss of a great leader."

10 They hardly believed him. But before the banquet ended, two sons of Zhao Zilong, Zhao Tong and Zhao Guang, came and wished to see the Prime Minister.

11 Zhuge Liang, deeply affected, threw aside his wine cup and cried, "That is it. Zhao Zilong is gone!"

12 When the two young men came in, they prostrated themselves and wept, saying, "Our father died the night before at the third watch."

13 Zhuge Liang staggered and burst into lamentation.

14 "My friend is gone. The country has lost it great beam, and I my right arm!"

15 Those about him joined in, wiping away their tears. Zhuge Liang bade the two young men go in person to Chengdu to bear the sad tidings to the Emperor.

16 And the Latter Ruler wept bitterly.

17 "Zhao Zilong was my savior and friend. He saved my life when I was a child in the time of great confusion!" cried the Latter Ruler.

18 An edict was issued creating Zhao Zilong Regent Marshal and Lord of Shunping and giving burial on the east of Silky Hills near Capital Chengdu. A temple was ordered to his memory and sacrifices were offered in four seasons.

19 From Changshan came a general, tiger bold, 
In wit and valor he was fitting mate 
For Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, his exploits rivaling 
Even theirs. River Han and Dangyang recall 
His name. Twice in his stalwart arms he bore 
The prince, his well-loved leader's son and heir. 
In storied page his name stands out, writ large. 
Fair record of most brave and loyal deeds.

20 The Latter Ruler showed his affectionate gratitude to the late leader, not only in according him most honorable burial, but in kindness to his sons. The elder, Zhao Tong, was made General in the Tiger Army and the younger, Zhao Guang, Station General. He also set guards over the tomb.

21 When the two sons had left, the ministers reported to the Latter Ruler: "The dispositions of the army are complete, and the Prime Minister proposes to march against Wei without delay."

22 Talking this over with one and another, the Latter Ruler found the courtiers much inclined to a cautious policy and somewhat fearful. And the doubts entered into the Latter Ruler's mind so that he could not decide. Then came a memorial from Zhuge Liang, and the messenger, Yang Yi, was called into the presence and gave it to the Latter Ruler. The Emperor spread it on the table and read:

23 "The First Ruler always said: 'Han and rebels cannot coexist; a ruler's domain cannot be confined.' Wherefore he laid upon me, thy minister, to destroy the rebels. Measuring my powers by his perspicacity, he knew that I should attack and oppose my talents, inadequate as they might be, to their strength, for, if I did not, the royal domain would be destroyed. It was a question whether to await destruction without effort, or to attack? Wherefore he assigned me the task confidently. Thenceforward this task occupied all my thoughts.

24 "Considering that the south should be made secure before the north could be attacked, I braved the heat of summer and plunged deep into the wilds of the Mang nations. Not that I was careless of myself or the soldiers, but urged by the one consideration, that the royal domain should not be restricted to the capital of Shu, I faced dangers in obedience to the First Ruler's behest. But there were critics who said that I should not do it.

25 "Now the rebels have been weakened in the west and have become defeated in the east. The rule of war is to take advantage of the enemy's weakness, and so now is the time to attack. I shall discuss the various circumstances in order.

26 "The enlightenment of the Founder of the Hans, Liu Bang, rivaled the glory of the sun and moon; his counselors were profound as the ocean abyss. Nevertheless, he trod a hazardous path and suffered losses, only attaining repose after passing through great dangers. Your Majesty does not reach his level, nor do your counselors equal Zhang Liang and Chen Ping. Yet while we desired victory, we would sit idle, waiting till the empire should become settled. This attitude is beyond my comprehension.

27 "Imperial Protector Liu Yao and Governor Wang Lang each occupied a territory. They passed their time in talking of tranquillity and discussing plans, quoting the sayings of the sages till they were filled with doubts and obsessed with difficulties. So this year was not the time to fight, nor next year the season to punish, and, thus talking, it came about that Sun Ce grew powerful and possessed himself of all the South Land. This sort of behavior I cannot understand.

28 "In craft Cao Cao surpassed all humans. He could wield armies like the great strategists of old, Sun Zi and Wu Qi. Yet he was surrounded in Nanyang, was in danger at Wuchao, was in difficulties at Qilian, was hard pressed in Liyang, was nearly defeated at Beishan, and nearly killed at Tong Pass. Yet, after all these experiences, there was a temporary and artificial state of equilibrium. How much less can I, a man of feeble powers, bring about a decision without running risks? I fail to understand.

29 "Cao Cao failed in five attacks on Changba, and four times crossed Lake Chaohu without success. He employed Li Zu, who betrayed him, and put his trust in Xiahou Yuan, who was defeated and died. The First Ruler always regarded Cao Cao as an able man, and yet Cao Cao made such mistakes. How then can I, in my worn-out condition, avoid any error? I do not understand why.

30 "Only one year has elapsed since I went into Hanzhong, yet we have lost Zhao Zilong, Yang Qun, Ma Yun, Yan Zhi, Ding Li, Bo Shou, Liu He, Deng Tong, and others, and leaders of rank and generals of stations, to the number of near eighty, all people unsurpassed in dash and valor, and more than a thousand of the specialized forces of horse and trained cavalry of the Sou and the Tangut tribespeople in the Gobi Desert, whose martial spirit we have fostered these ten years all about us, and not only in one region. If we delay much longer, two-thirds of this will have dissipated, and how then shall we meet the situation? I do not understand delay.

31 "The people are stretched and the army exhausted indeed, but confusion does not cease. If confusion does not cease, then, whether we go on or stand still the drain is the same. Does it seems that attack should not be made yet? Is it that the rebels are to be allowed to obtain a permanent hold on some territory? I do not understand the arguments.

32 "A stable condition of affairs is indeed difficult to obtain. Once, when the First Ruler was defeated in Jingzhou, Cao Cao patted himself on the back and said that the empire was settled. Yet, after that, the First Ruler obtained the support of Wu and Yue on the east, took Ba and Shu on the west, and undertook an expedition to the north, wherein Xiahou Yuan lost his life. So Cao Cao calculations proved erroneous, and the affairs of Han seemed about to prosper. But, still later, Wu proved false to pledges, our Guan Yu was defeated, we sustained a check at Zigui---and Cao Pi assumed the imperial style. Such events prove the difficulty of forecast. I shall strive on to the end, but the final result, whether success or failure, whether gain or loss, is beyond my powers to foresee."

33 The Latter Ruler was convinced, and by edict directed Zhuge Liang to start on the expedition.

34 Zhuge Liang marched out with three hundred thousand well-trained soldiers, Wei Yan leading the first division, and made all haste to Chencang.


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