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Chapter 030-04 관도대전

次日，操自選馬步軍士五千，準備往烏巢劫糧。張遼曰：「袁紹屯糧之所，安得無備？丞相未可輕往。恐許攸有詐。」操曰：「不然。許攸此來，天敗袁紹。今吾軍糧不給，難以久持；若不用許攸之計，是坐而待困也。彼若有詐，安肯留我寨中？且吾亦欲劫寨久矣。今劫糧之舉，計在必行，君請勿疑。」遼曰：「亦須防袁紹乘虛來襲。」操笑曰：「吾已籌之熟矣。」便教荀攸、賈詡、曹洪同許攸守大寨，夏侯惇、夏侯淵領一軍伏於左，曹仁、李典領一軍伏於右，以備不虞。教張遼、許褚在前，徐晃、于禁在後，操自引諸將居中，共五千人馬，打著袁軍旗號，軍士皆束草負薪，人銜枚，馬勒口，黃昏時分，望烏巢進發。是夜星光滿天。

且說沮授被袁紹拘禁在軍中，是夜因見眾星朗列，乃命監者引出中庭，仰觀天象。忽見太白逆行，侵犯牛、斗之分，大驚曰：「禍將至矣！」遂連夜求見袁紹。時紹已醉臥，聽說沮授有密事啟報，喚入問之。授曰：「適觀天象，見太白逆行於柳、鬼之間，流光射入牛、斗之分，恐有賊兵劫掠之害。烏巢屯糧之所，不可不提備。宜速遣精兵猛將，於間道山路巡哨，免為曹操所算。」紹怒叱曰：「汝乃得罪之人，何敢妄言惑眾！」因叱監者曰：「吾令汝拘囚之，何敢放出！」遂命斬監者，別喚人監押沮授。授出，掩淚歎曰：「我軍亡在旦夕，我屍骸不知落於何處也！」後人有詩歎曰：

逆耳忠言反見仇，獨夫袁紹少機謀；
烏巢糧盡根基拔，猶欲區區守冀州。

        [三國誌詩030-p02]

卻說曹操領兵夜行，前過袁紹別寨，寨兵問是何處軍馬。操使人應曰：「蔣奇奉命往烏巢護糧。」袁軍見是自家旗號，遂不疑惑。凡過數處，皆詐稱蔣奇之兵，並無阻礙。及到烏巢，四更已盡。操教軍士將束草周圍舉火，眾將校鼓譟直入。時淳于瓊方與眾將飲了酒，醉臥帳中；聞鼓譟之聲，連忙跳起問：「何故喧鬧？」言未已，早被撓釣拖翻。眭元進、趙叡運糧方回，見屯上火起，急來救應。曹軍飛報曹操，說：「賊兵在後，請分軍拒之。」操大喝曰：「諸將只顧奮力向前，待賊至背後，方可回戰！」於是眾軍將無不爭先掩殺。一霎時，火燄四起，煙迷太空。眭、趙二將驅兵來救，操勒馬回戰。二將抵敵不住，皆被曹軍所殺，糧草盡行燒絕。淳于瓊被擒見操，操命割去其耳鼻手指，縛於馬上，放回紹營以辱之。

卻說袁紹在帳中，聞報正北上火光滿天，知是烏巢有失，急出帳召文武，各官商議遣兵往救。張郃曰：「某與高覽同往救之。」郭圖曰：「不可。曹軍劫糧，曹操必然親往；操既自出，寨必虛空，可縱兵先擊曹操之寨；操聞之，必速還：此孫臏『圍魏救趙』之計也。」張郃曰：「非也。曹操多謀，外出必為內備，以防不虞。今若攻操營而不拔，瓊等見獲，吾屬皆被擒矣。」郭圖曰：「曹操只顧劫糧，豈留兵在寨耶？」再三請劫曹營。紹乃遣張郃、高覽引軍五千，往官渡擊曹營；遣蔣奇領兵一萬，往救烏巢。
 
且說曹操殺散淳于瓊部卒，盡奪其衣甲旗幟，偽作淳于瓊部下敗軍回寨，至山僻小路，正遇蔣奇軍馬。奇軍問之，稱是烏巢敗軍奔回。奇遂不疑，驅馬逕過。張遼、許褚忽至，大喝：「蔣奇休走！」奇措手不及，被張遼斬於馬下，盡殺蔣奇之兵。又使人當先偽報云：「蔣奇已自殺散烏巢兵了。」袁紹因不復遣人接應烏巢，只添兵往官渡。

卻說張郃、高覽攻打曹營，左邊夏侯惇，右邊曹仁，中路曹洪，一齊衝出，三下攻擊，袁軍大敗。比及接應軍到，曹操又從背後殺來，四下圍住掩殺。張郃、高覽奪路走脫。袁紹收得烏巢敗殘軍馬歸寨，見淳于瓊耳鼻皆無，手足盡落。紹問：「如何失了烏巢？」敗軍告說：「淳于瓊醉臥，因此不能抵敵。」

紹怒，立斬之。郭圖恐張郃、高覽回寨證對是非，先於袁紹前譖曰：「張郃、高覽見主公兵敗，心中必喜。」紹曰：「何出此言乎？」圖曰：「二人素有降曹之意，今遣擊寨，故意不肯用力，以致損折士卒。」紹大怒，遂遣使急召二人歸寨問罪。郭圖先使人報二人云：「主公將殺汝矣。」及紹使至，高覽問曰：「主公喚我等為何？」使者曰：「不知何故。」覽遂拔劍斬來使。郃大驚。覽曰：「袁紹聽信讒言，必為曹操所擒；吾等豈可坐而待死？不如去投曹操。」郃曰：「吾亦有此心久矣。」

Forthwith he chose five thousand of horse and foot ready for the expedition.

92 Zhang Liao protested, saying, "The enterprise will be futile as the grain depot will certainly be well guarded. Without caution, we may be victims of the treachery on the part of the newly arrived Xu You."

93 "Xu You is no traitor," said Cao Cao. "He has come sent by Heaven to defeat Yuan Shao. If we do not get grain, it will be hard to hold out. I have to either follow his advice or sit still and be hemmed in. If he were a traitor, he would hardly remain in my camp. Moreover this raid has been my desire for a long time. Have no doubts: The raid will certainly succeed."

94 "Well, then, you must look out for an attack here while the camp is undefended."

95 "That is already well provided for," said Cao Cao gleefully.

96 The arrangements for the raid on the grain depot were made with extreme care to ensure success. Cao Cao assigned Xun You, Jia Xu, and Cao Hong to guard the main camp, together with Xu You; Xiahou Dun and Xiahou Yuan to guard the left camp; Cao Ren and Li Dian to guard the right camp. When all was ready they set out, Cao Cao himself in the center, with Zhang Liao and Xu Chu as van leaders and Xu Huang and Yu Jin as rear guard. The army showed the ensigns of their opponents. The troops carried bundles of grass and faggots to make a blaze. The soldiers were gagged and the horses tied round the muzzles so as to prevent any noise. They set out at dusk.

97 The night was fine and the stars shone brightly.

98 Ju Shou, still a prisoner in Yuan Shao's camp, saw the stars were very brilliant and told his gaolers to conduct him out to the central pavilion whence he could study them. While watching he saw the planet Venus invade the quarter of the Bear and Lyra, which startled him very greatly.

99 "Some misfortune is near!" said Ju Shou.

100 So although it was still night, he went to see his master. But Yuan Shao was sleeping after indulgence in too much wine and was in bad humor. However, when they had roused him saying that the prisoner had a secret message to deliver, he got up.

101 "While I happened to be studying the aspect of the heavens," said the night visitor, "I saw Venus, then between Hydra and Cancer, suddenly shoot into the neighborhood of the Bear and Lyra. There is danger of a robber raid, and special precautions must be taken at the grain depot. Lose no time in sending good soldiers and vigorous leaders thither, and keep a lookout on the byways among the hills that you may escape the wiles of Cao Cao."

102 "You are a criminal!" said Yuan Shao. "How dare you come with such wild nonsense to upset my armies."

103 And turning to the gaolers Yuan Shao continued, "I bade you confine him. Why did you let him come?"

104 Then he issued orders to put the gaolers to death and appointed others to keep the prisoner in close custody.

105 Ju Shou went away, wiping his falling tears and sighing deeply, "Our soldiers' destruction is at hand, and I know not where our poor corpses may find a resting place."

106 Blunt truth offended Yuan Shao, 
Too stupid any plan to make, 
His stores destroyed this is evident 
That Jizhou also is at stake.

107 Cao Cao's raiding party went along through the night. Passing one of Yuan Shao's outpost camps, they were challenged.

108 Cao Cao sent forward a man to say, "Jiang Qi has orders to go to Wuchao to guard the grain stores."

109 Seeing that the raiders marched under the ensigns of Yuan Shao, the guard had no suspicions and let them pass. At every post this ruse was effective, and they got safely through. They reached their objective at the end of the fourth watch, the straw and wood were placed in position without loss of time, and the blaze started. Then Cao Cao's commanders beat to attack.

110 At this time Chunyu Qiong and his companions were all asleep after a heavy drinking bout. However, when the alarm was given, they sprang up and asked what was the matter. The hubbub was indescribable. Very soon the fuddled officers were caught with hooks and hauled out of their camp.

111 Yuan Shao's generals Gui Yuanjin and Zhao Rui were just returning from taking grain to the camp and seeing the flames arise, they hastened to assist.

112 Some of Cao Cao's soldiers ran to him, saying, "The enemy is coming up in the rear. Send reinforcements."

113 But Cao Cao only replied, "Press on to the front till the enemy is actually close at hand and then face about."

114 So the attack was pressed on and they all hastened forward. Very soon the fire gained strength, and thick smoke hung all around filling the sky. When Gui Yuanjin and Zhao Rui drew near, Cao Cao turned about and attacked them. They could not stand this for a moment, and both generals were killed. Finally the stores of grain and forage were utterly destroyed.

115 The commander, Chunyu Qiong, was made prisoner and taken to Cao Cao who ordered him to be deprived of ears, nose, and hands. He was bound on a horse and sent, thus horribly mutilated, to his master.

116 From Yuan Shao's camp, the flames of the burning depot were seen away in the north, and they knew what they meant. Yuan Shao hastily summoned his officers to a council to send a rescue party.

117 Zhang He offered to go with Gao Lan, but Guo Tu said, "You may not go. It is certain that Cao Cao is there in person, wherefore his camp is undefended. Let loose our soldiers on the camp, and that will speedily bring Cao Cao back again. This is how Sun Bin 손빈 besieged Wei and thereby rescued Zhao."

118 But Zhang He said, "Not so; Cao Cao is too wily not to have fully prepared against a chance attack. If we attack his camp and fail and Chunyu Qiong should be caught, we shall all be captured too."

119 Guo Tu said, "Cao Cao will be too intent on the destruction of the grain to think of leaving a guard. I entreat you to attack his camp."

120 So Yuan Shao sent five thousand soldiers under Zhang He and Gao Lan to attack Cao Cao's camp, and he sent ten thousand with Jiang Qi to go to recover the grain store.

121 Now after overcoming Chunyu Qiong, Cao Cao's troops dressed themselves in the armor and clothing of the defeated soldiers and put out their emblems, thus posing as defeated force running back to their own headquarters. And when they happened upon Jiang Qi's rescue body, they said they had been beaten at Wuchao and were retreating. So Cao Cao's troops were suffered to pass without molestation while Jiang Qi hastened on. But soon Jiang Qi came to Zhang Liao and Xu Chu who cried out, "Stop!"

122 And before Jiang Qi could make any opposition, Zhang Liao had cut him down. Soon his force were killed or dispersed, and the victors sent false messengers to Yuan Shao's camp to say that Jiang Qi had attacked and driven away the attackers of the granaries. So no more relief were sent that way. However, Yuan Shao sent reinforcements to Guandu.

123 In due course, the Yuan Shao's force came down upon Cao Cao's camp at Guandu, and the defenders---Xiahou Dun, Cao Ren, and Cao Hong---at once came out and fought them on three sides so that they were worsted. By the time reinforcements arrived, Cao Cao's army, returning from the raid, had also come, and Yuan Shao's army were attacked in the rear. So they were quite surrounded. However, Zhang He and Gao Lan managed to force their way out and got away.

124 When the remains of the defenders of the grain stores reached their master's camp, they were mustered. Seeing the mutilated state of their one time leader, Yuan Shao asked how Chunyu Qiong had come to betray his trust and to suffer thus.

125 The soldiers told their lord, "The General was intoxicated at the time of the attack."

126 So Yuan Shao ordered Chunyu Qiong to be forthwith executed.

127 Guo Tu, fearing lest Zhang He and Gao Lan would return and testify the whole truth, began to intrigue against them.

128 First Guo Tu went to his lord, saying, "Those two, Zhang He and Gao Lan, were certainly very glad when your armies were defeated."

129 "Why do you say this?" asked Yuan Shao.

130 "O they have long cherished a desire to go over to Cao Cao. So when you sent them on the duty of destroying his camp, they did not do their best and so brought about this disaster."

131 Yuan Shao accordingly sent to recall these two to be interrogated as to their faults. But Guo Tu sent a messenger in advance to warn them, as though in friendly guise, of the adverse fate that awaited them.

132 So when the orders reached them to return to answer for their faults, Gao Lan asked, "For what reason are we recalled?"

133 "Indeed I do not know," said the messenger.

134 Gao Lan drew his sword and killed the messenger.

135 Zhang He was astonished at this demonstration, but Gao Lan said, "Our lord has allowed someone to malign us and say we have been bought by Cao Cao. What is the sense in our sitting still and awaiting destruction? Rather let us surrender to Cao Cao in reality and save our lives."

136 "I have been wanting to do this for some time," replied Zhang He.

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